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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2020, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2020; 23 (1)


Compósitos en estado hidrogel con aplicación en la adsorción de metales pesados presentes en aguas residuales

Burciaga-Montemayor NG, Claudio-Rizo JA, Cano-Salazar LF, Martínez-Luévanos A, Vega-Sánchez P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 40
Paginas: 1-13
Archivo PDF: 854.67 Kb.


RESUMEN

La contaminación por metales pesados es un problema, que hoy en día no se ha logrado disminuir. Por esta razón, es necesario innovar constantemente las técnicas tradicionales con el fin de aplicar procesos eficientes que ayuden a remover los contaminantes e incluso recuperarlos para ser reincorporados a procesos productivos. En este contexto, la adsorción es una técnica tan versátil, que es viable su aplicación con materiales de diferentes características. Entre los materiales que han resultado adsorbentes eficientes, se encuentran las partículas inorgánicas y los polímeros/biopolímeros. Estos componentes por si solos presentan capacidades adsorbentes aceptables, pero en los últimos años se ha explorado la generación de matrices poliméricas en estado hidrogel reforzadas con materiales inorgánicos o mezclas de redes poliméricas generando compósitos, para mejorar o incrementar la capacidad de adsorción. Los hidrogeles compósitos conjugan una adsorción eficaz, buena área superficial específica y de fácil aplicabilidad, por lo que representan una gran alternativa para la disminución de los iones de metales pesados presentes en los ecosistemas acuáticos. Por este motivo, es la presente revisión de los materiales con propiedades adsorbentes, las estrategias para generar compósitos en estado hidrogel y sus propiedades adaptadas para la adsorción de iones de metales pesados, así como los retos y las áreas de oportunidad implícitos en esta generación de materiales innovadores.


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