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2020, Número 2

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Correo Científico Médico 2020; 24 (2)


Mecanismos moleculares de la secreción de insulina

Leyva MMÁ, Rodríguez MY, Rodríguez DR, Niño ES

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 31
Paginas: 782-798
Archivo PDF: 270.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

Se revisaron los mecanismos moleculares que regulan la síntesis y secreción de la insulina, que constituye la principal hormona anabólica. Se describen las características estructurales y funcionales que permiten a las células β de los islotes de Langerhans responder a los cambios de la glucemia con la secreción correspondiente de insulina. Se citan los secretagogos responsables de su secreción y se explica la secuencia de secreción de insulina estimulada por la glucosa, que es el principal. Se describen las características estructurales y funcionales de los islotes de Langerhans y las células β que les permite controlar la glucemia. Se explican los mecanismos moleculares de la toxicidad a las células β, producida por la hiperglucemia prolongada. Se explica la hipoglucemia originada por algunos fármacos y el alcohol.


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