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Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2021, Número 2

Salud Mental 2021; 44 (2)


Quality of attachment, trauma, psychopathology, and frequency of non-suicidal self-injury in Mexican adolescents suffering from psychosocial vulnerability: Description of a risk profile

Marín-Tejeda M, Martínez-Martínez KI, Santillán Torres-Torija C

Idioma: Inglés.
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 53-63
Archivo PDF: 213.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. Padecer vulnerabilidad psicosocial, particularmente durante la adolescencia, incrementa la probabilidad de experimentar circunstancias vitales adversas, afecciones psiquiátricas y autolesiones no suicidas (ALNS). Objetivo. Se estudiaron: 1. características demográficas y clínicas con base en expediente, así como la frecuencia de ALNS en adolescentes, usuarios de servicios para población vulnerable de una de seis Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG’s), se comparó por tipo de beneficiario: interno (BI) versus externo (BE); 2. relación predictiva de ALNS con depresión, dificultades en la regulación emocional (DRE) e ideación suicida (medidas administradas); 3. comparación de puntajes promedio de las mediciones por: calidad del vínculo (CV) y presencia/ausencia de ALNS. Método. Una muestra de conveniencia de 255 adolescentes (45.5% mujeres, edades 11-15), contestaron instrumentos en instalaciones institucionales (Ciudad de México y Puebla), donde 181 (71%) residían como BI y 74 (29%) residían en casa de familiar (BE). El personal de salud mental de cada ONG especificó conforme a expediente: demografía, diagnósticos psiquiátricos, historial de trauma y CV entre el menor y su figura de apego. Resultados. 42% negó episodios de ALNS, 16.9% indicó una pauta no significativa y 35.6% reportó un pauta significativa y reciente. Los BI presentaron puntuaciones superiores en todas las mediciones, mayor reporte de trauma interpersonal, trastornos depresivos, de ansiedad y conducta. Los menores con CV positiva obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente menores. Discusión y conclusión. En comparación con los BE, los adolescentes que residen en las ONG’s presentan un perfil de mayor riesgo, particularmente, aquellos sin una CV positiva, hecho que se asocia con mayor presencia de psicopatología y ALNS reciente y significativa.


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