Uribe LL, Montealegre OI, Díaz MJ

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 105-114
PDF size: 960.66 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Justification: A lot of studies have reported an association between the regular consumption of cannabis and the psychotic disorders (such as schizophrenia), where it is emphasized that those with a significant consumption of cannabis are over-represented among the new cases of schizophrenia. Reported findings and rising rates of cannabis use among young people in many developing countries have led to debates that cannabis use may constitute a risk factor for psychotic disurders of contribution to psychosis, that is, precipitating schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals. The objective of the study is to characterize the population of patients diagnosed with first psychotic episodes in the National Psychiatric Hospital and to identify if the use of cannabis is associated. Methods: An observational cohort study was performed retrospectively with cases and controls in the outpatient service of the national Psychiatric Hospital, with records of patients diagnosed with first psychotic episode, sociodemographic variables were evaluated as psychoactive substance use. The sample was 80 cases and 160 controls a descriptive statistic analysis was performed followed by a multivariate analysis and the attributable fraction was calculated. Results: Sex and marital status were not significant p › 0.05, age 18 years OR = 2.34 [1,2-4.41] p › 0.05, the consumption of alcohol or = 6.93 [3.7-13] p › 0.05, consumption of cannabis with daily frequency or = 8.8 [4.78-16.22] p › 0.05, alcohol and tobacco are becoming of the consumption of cannabis. The attributable fraction for daily consumption of cannabis 51%. Conclusion: The group of 18 years or less has more risk of presenting a psychotic episode in relation to those of older age, daily cannabis use increases the risk of psychosis nine times more in relation to those patients who do not have daily cannabis consumption. Cannabisconsuming patients have a lower age of onset of psychosis. When daily consumption of cannabis begins during adolescence, the age of onset of psychosis is lower. 51% of cases of the psychosis for the first time would be avoided by reducing or eliminating the exposure to daily consumption of cannabis, assuming that this is causal.

REFERENCES

1. Addington J, Addington D. Patterns, predictors and impact of substance use in early psychosis: a longitudinal study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2007;115(4):304-9.

2. Baeza I, Graell M, Moreno D, Castro-Fornieles J, Parellada M, Gonzalez-Pinto A, et al. cannabis use in children and adolescents with first episode psychosis: influence on psychopathology and shortterm outcome (CAFEPS study). Schizophrenia research. 2009;113(2- 3):129-37.

3. Consejo Superior de Investi-gaciones científicas, CSIC Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España 2009.

4. Diaz José, Perfil Epidemiológico del servicio de Hospitalización Hospital Nacional Psiquiátrico 2014-216 Costa Rica.

5. Espinoza Dagoberto Murra, Carlos Sosa Mendoza, Eleonora Espinoza, Manuel Sierra, Factores Asociados a la Esquizofrenia en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Mario Mendoza, Honduras 2016 Fiorentini A, Volonteri LS,

6. Dragogna F, Rovera C, Maffini M, Mauri MC, et al. Substanceinduced psychoses: a critical review of the literature. Current drug abuse reviews. 2011; 4(4):228-40.

7. Frenk-Mora J. Alucinaciones, Delirio y Paranoia, síntomas de esquizofrenia. Comunicado de Prensa 341, Secretaría de Salud, México; 2005. Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia. Área Desarrollo Institucional. Proceso de Investigación. IV Encuesta Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población de Educación Secundaria. Costa Rica 2015. San José, CR.

8. Kelleher I, Connor D, Clarke MC, Devlin N, Harley M, Cannon M. Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and metaanalysis of population-based studies. Psychological medicine. 2012;42(9):1857-63.

9. Kuepper R, van Os J, Lieb R, Wittchen H-U, Hofler M, Henquet C. Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year followup cohort study. Bmj. 2011;342.

10. M. Soyka Prevalence of alcoholinduced psychotic disorders Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 258 (2008), pp. 317-318 http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s00406-008-0767-1

11. Masson Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales DSM-IV-TR. Barcelona:.

12. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION (APA). (2002) Moore TH, Zammit S, Lingford- Hughes A, Barnes TR, Jones PB, Burke M, et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet. 2007;370(9584):319-28.

13. Muller-Vahl K, Cannabinoides y esquizofrenia: ¿Dónde está el vínculo? Cannabinoids 2008; 3 (4): 11-15.

14. Organización Mundial de la Salud, Estadísticas Sanitarias Mundiales 2014

15. Organización Panamericana de la Salud Situación actual de la salud mental en Costa Rica / Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud. -- San José, C.R.: OPS, 2004.35 p.; 28 cm. – (Serie Análisis de Situación de Salud; no. 10)

16. Salguero L, SoraideJ. Factores asociados para el desarrollo de la esquizofrenia y su incidencia en pacientes del Hospital San Juan de Dios gestión 2012. Rev Cient Cienc Méd. 2012;15(2): 18-21

17. Stefanis NC, Delespaul P, Henquet C, Bakoula C, Stefanis CN, Van Os J. Early adolescent cannabis exposure and positive and negative dimensions ofpsychosis. Addiction. 2004; 99 (10): 1333-41

18. Swartz Marvin S., MD, H. Ryan Wagner, PhD, Jeffrey W. Swanson, PhD,T. Scott Stroup, MD, MPH, Joseph P. McEvoy, MD, Jose M. Canive, MD,Del D. Miller, MD,§ Fred Reimherr, MD,Mark McGee, MD, Ahsan Khan, MD, Richard Van Dorn, PhD, Robert A. Rosenheck, MD,** and Jeffrey A. Lieberman, MD Consumo de drogas en personas con esquizofrenia Prevalencia basal y correlaciones con el estudio NIMH CATIE, RET, Revista de Toxicomanías y salud mental. Barcelona Nº. 54 – 2008

19. UNODC Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra las Dogra y el Delito, Informe mundial sobre drogas 2012

20. Wu EQ, Birnbaum HG, Shi L, Ball DE, Kessler RC, Moulis M, et al. The economic burden of schizophrenia in the United States in 2002. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66:1122-1129.