medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-3054 (Electronic)

2020, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Rev Cubana Med Trop 2020; 72 (3)

COVID-19 and wastewater

Barreto TSI

Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 1-15
PDF size: 472.44 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Wastewater is a route for the transmission of many diseases, including viral infections. Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance has been used to monitor and control Norovirus GII.17, poliovirus.
Objective: Explore into SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater, its prevalence, the evidence of its transmission and its potential use for epidemiological surveillance on various spatial scales.
Methods: A bibliographic and document review was carried out in the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO and SciELO. A total 53 sources were consulted, of which 32 were selected based on the objective set.
Analysis and synthesis of results: The virus has been detected in fecal matter, rectal swabs and in wastewater from different countries. Both media could be a reason for concern in terms of transmissibility, despite the low viral loads they carry. Molecular techniques have revealed the presence of as many as copies per liter in raw water, whereas treated wastewater has been found to contain copies per liter.
Conclusions: Though no evidence is available of fecal-oral, fecal-nasal or wastewater transmission, these routes are a potential source of transmission awaiting substantiation. A standardized method is required for SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater. Prevalence studies should be conducted not only in this medium, but also in water treatment operations and processes. In Cuba there is potential for the surveillance and control of the disease in the population, as well as for the use of wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance.


REFERENCES

  1. Más P, Vidal MJ, Baldoquín W, Seuc AH, Guinovart R, Noriega V. Lucha anti epidémica en la COVID-19 en Cuba. Organización de la investigación epidemiológica [Serie en internet] Infodir. 2020[acceso: 30/05/2020];(32). Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.revinfodir.sld.cu/index.php/infodir/article/view/831

  2. COVID-19/Noticias. La Habana, Cuba. Parte del día 9 de junio a las 12 de la noche. 2020; c2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://salud.msp.gob.cu/?s=9+de+junioawwa

  3. Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, Yang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know. IJID [Preprint]. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];94:44-8. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220301235; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.004

  4. Rodríguez-Labrada R, Vazquez-Mojena Y, Velázquez-Pérez L. Transmisión asintomática y presintomática del SARS-CoV-2: la cara oculta de la COVID-19. Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];10(2: especial COVID-19). Disponible en: Disponible en: http://revistaccuba.sld.cu/index.php/revacc/article/view/770/807

  5. Infomed. Temas de salud. La Habana, Cuba. La efectiva estrategia cubana, cercar al virus por todos los flancos; c2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://temas.sld.cu/coronavirus/2020/05/26/la-efectiva-estrategia-cubana-cercar-al-virus-por-todos-los-flancos/

  6. Wang X, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Zhou Q, Ma W-L. Persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with COVID-19 leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved. IJID [Serie en internet]. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];95:433-5. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220302794

  7. Espinosa-Brito A. COVID-19: rápida revisión general. Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];10(2: especial COVID-19). Disponible en: Disponible en: http://revistaccuba.sld.cu/index.php/revacc/article/view/828/844

  8. Moroto MC, Piédola G. Los coronavirus. Anales RANM. Año 2019. 2020 [acceso: 03/06/2020]; 136(03):235-8. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://analesranm.es/wp-content/uploads/2019/numero_136_03/pdfs/ar136-rev01.pdf

  9. Xiao F, Sun J, Xu Y, Li F, Huang X, Li H, et al. Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in feces of patient with severe COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis [Serie en internet]. Ag 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020]; 26(8). Disponible en: Disponible en: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/8/20-0681_article

  10. Xu Y, Li X, Zhu B. Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. Nat Med. [Serie en internet] 2010 [acceso: 10/06/2020];(26):502-5. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0817-4

  11. Amirian ES. Potential fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Current evidence and implications for public health. IJID. [Serie en internet] 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];(95):363-70. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.057

  12. Kitajima M, Ahmed W, Bibby K, Carducci A, Gerba CP, Hamilton KA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: State of the knowledge and research needs. Sci Tot Environ [Preprint].] 2020 STOTEN 139076[acceso: 10/06/2020]:139076. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139076

  13. Mao K, Zhang K, Du W, Ali W, Feng X, Zhang H. The potential of wastewater-based epidemiology as surveillance and early warning of infectious disease outbreaks. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health [Serie en internet]. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];17:1-7. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2020.04.006

  14. La Rosa G, Iaconelli M, Mancini P, Bonanno Ferraro G, Veneri C, Bonadonna L, et al. First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy. Sci.Total Environ [Serie en internet]. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];736:139652. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139652

  15. Sun J, Zhu A, Li H, Zheng K, Zhuang Z, Chen Z, et al. Isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from urine of a COVID-19 patient. Emerg. Microbes Infect[Serie en internet] 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];9(1):991-3. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1760144

  16. Medema G, Heijnen L, Elsinga G, Italiaander R, Brouwer A. Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in sewage. MedRxiv. [Serie en internet]. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/30/2020.03.29.20045880

  17. Lodder W, de Roda Husman AM. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: potential health risk, but also data source. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol [Serie en internet]. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];5(6):533-4. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253 (20)30087-X

  18. Ahmed W, Angel N, Edson J, Bibby K, Bivins A, O'Brien JW, et al. First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Sci Tot Environ. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];728:138764. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246812532030087X ; Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246812532030087X; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138764.

  19. La Rosa G, Bonadonna L, Lucentini L, Kenmoe S, Suffredini E. Coronavirus in water environments: Occurrence, persistence and concentration methods - A scoping review. Water Res. [Serie en internet]. 2020 [acceso: 30/05/2020];179:115899. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313542030436X

  20. INFOMED. La Habana, Cuba. Los colutorios podrían ser útiles frente al SARS-CoV-22020. Al Día. Noticias de Salud. [acceso: 06/03/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.sld.cu

  21. Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Directrices de laboratorio para la detección y diagnóstico de la infección con el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). 2020[acceso: 10/06/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.paho.org

  22. Rodríguez L. Montalvo MC, Sariego S, Bello M, Mora E, Kourí V, et al. Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real para la cuantificación del ADN del virus de la hepatitis B. Rev Cubana Med Trop [Serie en internet]. 2012 [acceso: 10/06/2020];64:290-303. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0375-07602012000300009&nrm=iso

  23. Randazzo W, Truchado P, Cuevas-Ferrando E, Simón P, Allende A, Sánchez G. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area. Water Res. [Preprint]. 2020. WR 115942 139076 [acceso: 10/06/2020] 181:115942. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135420304796; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115942

  24. Farkas K, Mannion F, Hillary LS, Malham SK, Walker DI. Emerging technologies for the rapid detection of enteric viruses in the aquatic environment. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];16:1-6. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468584420300088 ; Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468584420300088; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2020.01.007

  25. Farkas K, Walker DI, Adriaenssens EM, McDonald JE, Hillary LS, Malham SK, et al. Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment. Water Res. [Serie en internet] 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];181:115926. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://10.1016/j.watres.2020.115926

  26. Nghiem LD, Morgan B, Donner E, Short MD. The COVID-19 pandemic: Considerations for the waste and wastewater services sector. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering (CSCEE). [Serie en internet] 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];1:100006. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016420300049

  27. Hart OE, Halden RU. Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities, and challenges. Sci Tot Environ [Serie en internet]. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];730(138875). Disponible en: Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138875

  28. González MI, Chiroles S. Uso seguro y riesgos microbiológicos del agua residual para la agricultura Rev Cubana Salud Pública. [Serie en internet]. 2010 [acceso: 10/06/2020];37(1):61-73. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-34662011000100007

  29. NC 827 2017. Agua potable-Requisitos sanitarios. La Habana, Oficina Nacional de Normalización (NC), 2017. p. 12.

  30. NC 27 2012. Vertimiento de aguas residuales a las aguas terrestre y al alcantarillado-Especificaciones. La Habana, Cuba: Oficina Nacional de Normalización (NC), 2012. p. 14.

  31. Kariújina TA, Gurbanova IN. Química del agua y microbiología. Moscú, URSS: Stroyizdat; 1995.

  32. Escalona E, Lorente Y, Yáñez AC. Relación del saneamiento básico ambiental y las enfermedades diarreicas agudas. Área de salud Yara, 2019. REDEL Revista Granmense de Desarrollo Local [Serie en internet]. 2020 [acceso: 10/06/2020];16:333-46. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://revistas.udg.co.cu/index.php/redel/article/download/1473/2598




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com