medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3325 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2022, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Salud Mental 2022; 45 (3)

Testing a coping scale in Mexican families in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the psychometric properties

Montero-Pardo X, Toiber-Rodríguez MN, Padilla-Bautista JA, Aguilar-Delgadillo C, Espinoza-Salgado FS, Velasco-Rojano ÁE

Language: English
References: 70
Page: 105-113
PDF size: 372.82 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction. The rapid spread of the pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, more commonly known as COVID-19, required sanitary measures, such as social distancing and quarantining, which represented non-normative stressors for Mexican families. Objective. Obtaining evidence of the validity and reliability of a family coping scale in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. A questionnaire was developed containing 48 items, and responses were collected using Google forms with a total of 558 participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to obtain the reliability and validity of the scale. Results. The instrument is made up of six factors that explain 67.27% of the variance. The scale had a McDonald’s omega coefficient of .82, and the model had a good fit with most values equal to or higher than .90. Discussion and conclusions. The final items showed proper theoretical congruence and good indicators of fit. These results allow for the assertion that factors 1, 2, 5, and 6 allude to a good family adaptation in the face of the pandemic. Meanwhile, factors 3 and 4 indicate a poor family adaptation. Among the main contributions of this study is that this is one of the first scales to address the subject in Mexico, followed by statistical data that suggests the scale possesses appropriate psychometric properties to be used in the Mexican population.


REFERENCES

  1. American Psychological Association [APA]. (2017). Ethical principles ofpsychologists and code of conduct. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/

  2. American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). Guidelines for the practiceof telepsychology. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/practice/guidelines/telepsychology

  3. Balcázar, P., Bonilla, M., Gurrola, G., Trejo, L., & Zanatta, E. (2008). Estructurafactorial de una escala para evaluar estilos de afrontamiento en adolescentes.Revista Neurología, Neurocirugía y Psiquiatría, 41(2), 45-50.

  4. Barrigón, M. L., Rico-Romano, A. M., Ruiz-Gomez, M., Delgado-Gomez, D.,Barahona, I., Aroca, F., … MEmind Study Group. (2017). Estudio comparativode los formatos lápiz y papel y electrónicos de los cuestionarios GHQ-12,WHO-5 y PHQ-9. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 10(3), 160-167. doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2016.12.002

  5. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. PsychologicalBulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238

  6. Boss, P., Bryant, C., & Mancini, J. (2017). Family stress management: A contextualapproach (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.

  7. Byrne, B. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts,applications, and programming (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

  8. Campbell, N., Ali, F., Finlay, A., & Salek, S. (2015). Equivalence of electronic andpaper-based patient-reported outcome measure. Quality of Life Research, 24(8),1949-1961. doi: 10.1007/s11136-015-0937-3

  9. Carever, C. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long:Consider the brief COPE. Internal Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92-

  10. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_610. Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisiónde estudios instrumentales. International Journal of Clinical and HealthPsychology, 5(3), 521-551.

  11. Chaney, C. (2020). Family stress and coping among african americans in the ageof COVID-19. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 51(3-4), 254-273. doi:10.3138/jcfs.51.3-4.003

  12. Clark-Carter, D. (2019). Quantitative psychological research: The complete student’scompanion. London: Psychology Press.

  13. Cluver, L., Lachman, J., Sherr, L., Wessels, I., Krug, E., Rakotomalala, S., ...McDonald, K. (2020). Parenting in a time of COVID-19. Lancet, 395(10231),e64. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30736-4

  14. Coppetti, L. de C., Girardon-Perlini, N. M. O., Andolhe, R., Silva, L. M. C. da,Dapper, S. N., & Noro, E. (2019). Caring ability, burden, stress and copingof family caregivers of people in cancer treatment. Revista Brasileira deEnfermagem, 72(6), 1541-1546. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0605

  15. Craig, F., Savino, R., Scoditti, S., Lucarelli, E., Fanizza, I., De Rinaldis, M., …Trabacca, A. (2019). Coping, stress and negative psychological outcomesin parents of children admitted to a Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Care Unit.European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 55(6), 772-782.doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.19.05695-8

  16. Daneshpour, M. (2017). Examining family stress: Theory and research. Quarterly ofClinical Psychology Studies, 7(28), 1-7. doi: 10.22054/jcps.2017.8150

  17. Eguiluz, L. (2004). La terapia familiar sistémica en México. In L. Eguiluz (Ed.).Terapia familiar: su uso hoy en día (pp. 225-253). Ciudad de México: Pax.

  18. Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop D. S. (1983). The Mc-Master Model ofFamily Functioning: A view of the normal family. In F. Walsh (Ed.). Normalfamily processes (pp. 190-199). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

  19. Feinberg, M., Solmeyer, A., & McHale, S. (2012). The third rail of family systems:Sibling relationships, mental and behavioral health, and preventive interventionin childhood and adolescence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review.15(1), 43-57. doi: 10.1007/s10567-011-0104-5

  20. Felix, E., Afifi, T., Kia-Keating, M., Brown, L., Afifi, W., & Reyes, G. (2015). Familyfunctioning and posttraumatic growth among parents and youth followingwildfire disasters. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(2), 191-200. doi:10.1037/ort0000054

  21. Fraenkel, P., & Cho, W. (2020). Reaching up, down, in, and around: Couple andfamily coping during the coronavirus pandemic. Family Process, 59(3), 847-864. doi: 10.1111/famp.12570

  22. Fruggeri, L. (2016). Diferentes Normalidades. Psicología Social de las RelacionesFamiliares. México: Página seis.

  23. Gobierno de México. (2020). Todo sobre el COVID-19. Retrieved from https://coronavirus.gob.mx/

  24. González, C. (1992). Estrés psicosocial y respuesta de enfrentamiento: Impacto sobreel estado emocional en adolescentes (Tesis de Maestría). México: UniversidadNacional Autónoma de México. Recuperado de https://repositorio.unam.mx/contenidos/94380

  25. González, I., & Lorenzo, A. (2012). Propuesta teórica acerca del estrés familiar.Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala, 15(2), 416-432.

  26. Haider, I., Tiwana, F., & Tahir, S. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adultmental health. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36, S1-S5. doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2756

  27. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate dataanalysis: a global perspective (7th ed.). New Jersey, NJ: Pearson education.

  28. Hayes, A., & Coutts, J. (2020). Use Omega Rather than Cronbach’s Alpha forEstimating Reliability. But… Communication Methods and Measures, 14(1),1-24. doi: 10.1080/19312458.2020.1718629

  29. Hill, R. (1971). Modern systems theory and the family: A confrontation. SocialScience Information, 10(5), 7-26. doi: 10.1177/053901847101000501

  30. Hill, R. (1986). Life cycle stages for types of single parent families: Of familydevelopment theory. Family Relations, 35(1), 19-29. doi: 10.2307/584278

  31. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariancestructure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. StructuralEquation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118

  32. Iraurgi, I., Sanz, M., & Martínez-Pampliega, A. (2009). Adaptación y estudiopsicométrico de dos instrumentos de pareja: índice de satisfacción matrimonialy escala de inestabilidad matrimonial. Revista de Investigación en Psicología,12(2), 177-192. doi: 10.15381/rinvp.v12i2.3763

  33. Janis, B., Callahan, J., Shelton, A., & Aubuchon-Endsley, N. (2016). Birthcomplications and parental stress reactions: Moderated by family coping.Practice Innovations, 1(4), 243-252. doi: 10.1037/pri0000032

  34. John, N., Casey, S. E., Carino, G., & McGovern, T. (2020). Lessons Never Learned:Crisis and gender-based violence. Developing World Bioethics, 20(2), 65-68.doi: 10.1111/dewb.12261

  35. Kim, A., & Zulueta, J. (2020). Japanese Families and COVID-19: “Self-Restraint”,Confined Living Spaces, and Enhanced Interactions. Journal of ComparativeFamily Studies, 51(3-4), 360-368. doi: 10.3138/jcfs.51.3-4.011

  36. Krakovich, T., McGrew, J., Yu, Y., & Ruble, L. (2016). Stress in parents of childrenwith autism spectrum disorder: An exploration of demands and resources.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 2042-2053. doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2728-2

  37. Lavee, Y., McCubbin, H., & Patterson, J. M. (1985). The double ABCX Modelof family stress and adaptation: An empirical test by analysis of structuralequations with latent variables. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47(4),811-825. doi: 10.2307/352326

  38. Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY:Springer.

  39. Lee, M. (2009). A path analysis on elder abuse by family caregivers: Applying the ABCXModel. Journal of Family Violence, 24(1), 1-9. doi 10.1007/s10896-008-9192-5

  40. Littlewood Zimmerman, H. F., & Bernal García, E. R. (2011). Mi primermodelamiento de ecuación estructural: LISREL. Medellín, Colombia: Centrode Investigación en Comportamiento Organizacional (CINCEL).

  41. Loewenthal, K. (2001). An introduction to psychological tests and scales (2nd ed.).Hove: Psychology Press.

  42. López, C., Reyes-Lagunes, I., & Rivera, S. (1998). Estrategias de enfrentamiento:desarrollo y validación del invetario. In: La Psicología Social en México VII(pp. 91-96). State of Mexico: AMEPSO-FACICO.

  43. Martínez-Pampliega, A., Merino, L., Iriarte, L., & Olson, D. H. (2017).Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Family Adaptabilityand Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV. Psicothema, 29(3), 414-420. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2016.21

  44. McCubbin, H., Joy, C., Cauble, A., Comeau, J., Patterson, J., & Needle, R. (1980).Family stress and coping: A decade review. Journal of Marriage and Family,42(4), 855-871. doi: 10.2307/351829

  45. McCubbin, H., Thompson, A., & McCubbin, M. (1997). Family assessment:Resiliency, coping and adaptation: Inventories for research and practice.Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Publishers.

  46. Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2014). E-mental health in Canada:transforming the mental health system using technology. Retrieved from https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/English/document/27081/e-mental-healthcanada-transforming-mental-health-system-using-technology

  47. Méndez-Sánchez, M. P., & García-Méndez, M. (2015). Relación entre las estrategiasde manejo del conflicto y la percepción de la violencia situacional en lapareja. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 24(1), 99-111. doi: 10.15446/rcp.v24n1.41439

  48. Minuchin, S. (1985). Familias y terapia familiar. Barcelona: Gedisa.

  49. Minuchin, S., & Fishman, H. (2006). Técnicas de terapia familiar. Mexico City:Paidós.

  50. Montero, I., & León, O. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in Psychology.International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.

  51. Murphy, J., Nalbone, D., Wetchler, J., & Edwards, A. (2015). Caring for agingparents: The influence of family coping, spirituality/religiosity, and hope onthe marital satisfaction of family caregivers. The American Journal of FamilyTherapy, 43(3), 238-250. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2015.1034636

  52. Nabors, L., Cunningham, J. F., Lang, M., Wood, K., Soutwick, S., & Stough, C. O.(2018). Family coping during hospitalization of children with chronic illnesses.Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(5), 1482-1491. doi: 10.1007/s10826-017-0986-z

  53. Nunnally, J. C., & Berstein, I. H. (1995). Teoría Psicométrica (3rd ed.). México:McGraw Hill.

  54. Park, G. H., & Choi, Y. J. (2017). Family stress and coping from hospitalizationof clients with severe alcohol use disorder in Korea. Journal of AddictionsNursing, 28(1), 4-10. doi: 10.1097/JAN.0000000000000154

  55. Prati, G., Pietrantoni, L., & Zani, B. (2011). A social-cognitive model of pandemicinfluenza H1N1 risk perception and recommended behaviors in Italy. RiskAnalysis, 31(4), 645-656. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01529.x

  56. Price, S., Price, C., & McKenry, P. (2016). Families coping with change. A conceptualoverview. In C. Price, K. Bush, & S. Price (Eds.). Families & change: Copingwith stressful events and transitions. New York, NY: Sage Publications.

  57. Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and resilience in family wellbeingduring the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 75(5), 631-643.doi: 10.103 7/amp0000660

  58. Ramos-Lira, L., Rafful, C., Flores-Celis, K., Mora, J., García-Andrade, C., Rascón,M., … Cervantes, C. (2020). Emotional responses and coping strategies in adultMexican population during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic:An exploratory study by sex. Salud Mental, 43(6), 243- 251. doi: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2020.034

  59. Remmerswaal, D., & Muris, P. (2011). Children’s fear reactions to 2009 Swine Flupandemic: The role of threat information as provided by parents. Journal ofAnxiety Disorders, 25(3), 444-449. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.008

  60. Ricketts, J. (2020). Family satisfaction as a function of cohesion, flexibility, andcoping among parents of children with down syndrome (Doctoral dissertation).University of Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Retrieved from ProQuestDissertations and Theses Database (27834490).

  61. Rodríguez Estrada, M., & Ramos Silva, J. R. (1988). Técnicas de negociación.Mexico City: McGraw Hill.

  62. Rolland, J. (2000). Familias, enfermedad y discapacidad. Una propuesta desde laterapia sistémica. Barcelona: Gedisa.

  63. Rosino, M. (2016). ABC- X Model of family stress and coping. In C. L. Sheban (Ed.).The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of family studies. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley& Sons. doi: 10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs313

  64. Schaffiner, L. (2014). Family functioning and coping: Mediators and moderatorsbetween severity and internalizing disorders for children with NF1 (Doctoraldissertation). The George Washington University, Washington, D. C., UnitedStates. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (3635151).

  65. Sociedad Mexicana de Psicología. (2010). Código ético del psicólogo. Mexico City:Trillas.

  66. Torres, C., Galindo-Aldana, G., García, I., Padilla-López, L., Alvarez, D., & Espinoza,Y. (2020). COVID-19 voluntary social isolation and its effects in sociofamilyand children’s behavior. Salud Mental, 43(6), 263-271. doi: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2020.036

  67. Usher, K., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Gyamfi, N., & Jackson, D. (2020). Family violenceand COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support.International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(4), 549-552. doi: 10.1111/inm.12735

  68. Vigil, J., & Geary, D. (2008). A preliminary investigation of family coping stylesand psychological well-being among adolescent survivors of hurricaneKatrina. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(1), 176-180. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.22.1.176

  69. Wilmoth, J. D., & Smyser, S. (2009). The ABC-X model of family stress in thebook of Phillipians. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 37(3), 155-162. doi:10.1177/009164710903700301

  70. Zamarripa, J., Delgado-Herrada, M., Morquecho-Sánchez, R., Baños, R., de la Cruz-Ortega, M., & Duarte-Félix, H. (2020). Adaptability to social distancing due toCOVID-19 and its moderating effect on stress by gender. Salud Mental, 43(6),273-278. doi: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2020.03




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com