medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3325 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2023, Number 2

<< Back

Salud Mental 2023; 46 (2)

Resilience, adverse childhood experiences, and mental health in Health Science students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Agudelo HF, Benavides BM, Arango GF

Language: English
References: 64
Page: 111-119
PDF size: 206.82 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction. A steady rise in mental problems has been observed in the university population, particularly in the area of health, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Protective factors such as resilience and risk factors such as adverse events in childhood have been associated with mental health outcomes. Objective. Describe psychiatric symptoms and their association with adverse childhood experiences and resilience in first-semester students in the three undergraduate programs of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Caldas, Colombia in 2020. Method. Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study, using a virtual survey including the SRQ (Self Reporting Questionnaire), Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale and questions on adverse childhood experiences. Results. A total of 108 students with a mean age of 19.6 years participated in the study. Affective symptoms were found in 6.4% of subjects. The most frequent level of resilience was medium, while the most commonly reported adverse event was child abuse. An association was found between being exposed to adverse childhood experiences and the presence of symptoms that compromise mental health and alter one of the domains of resilience. A link was also found between the presence of these symptoms and the alteration of domains of resilience. Discussion and conclusion. It was possible to identify a risk of mental health disorders in students, and to establish an association between adverse events in childhood and resilience.


REFERENCES

  1. Antúnez, Z., & Vinet, E. V. (2013). Problemas de salud mental en estudiantes de unauniversidad regional chilena. Revista Médica de Chile, 141(2), 209-216. doi:10.4067/S0034-98872013000200010

  2. Arora, T., Grey, I., Östlundh, L., Lam, K., Omar, O. M., & Arnone, D. (2022). Theprevalence of psychological consequences of COVID-19: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis of observational studies. Journal of Health Psychology,27(4), 805-824. doi: 10.1177/1359105320966639

  3. Beusenberg, M., Orley, J. H., & World Health Organization. Division of MentalHealth. ( 1994). A User’s guide to the self reporting questionnaire ( SRQ /compiled by M. Beusenberg and J. Orley. World Health Organization. Retrievedfrom https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/61113

  4. Bravo-Andrade, H. R., González-Betanzos, F., Ruvalcaba-Romero, N. A., López-Peñaloza, J., & Orozco-Solís, M. G. (2019). Psychometric properties of theResilience questionnaire for children and adolescents in Mexican Students fromhigh school. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 22(2), 292-305. doi: 10.14718/ACP.2019.22.2.14

  5. Bruffaerts, R., Mortier, P., Kiekens, G., Auerbach, R. P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere,K., … Kessler, R. C. (2018). Mental health problems in college freshmen:Prevalence and academic functioning. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.044

  6. Caldera Montes, J., Aceves Lupercio, B. I., & Reynoso González, Ó. U. (2016).Resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios. Un estudio comparado entre carreras.Psicogente, 19(36), 227-239. doi: 10.17081/psico.19.36.1294

  7. Castagnola Sánchez, C. G., Cotrina-Aliaga, J. C., & Aguinaga-Villegas, D. (2021).La resiliencia como factor fundamental en tiempos de Covid-19. Propósitos yRepresentaciones, 9(1), e1044. doi: 10.20511/pyr2021.v9n1.1044Cheng, J., Zhao, Y. Y., Wang, J., & Sun, Y. H. (2020). Academic burnout anddepression of Chinese medical students in the pre-clinical years: the bufferinghypothesis of resilience and social support. Psychology, Health & Medicine,25(9), 1094-1105. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1709651

  8. Chi, X., Becker, B., Yu, Q., Willeit, P., Jiao, C., Huang, L., … Solmi, M. (2020).Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health Outcomes AmongChinese College Students During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00803

  9. Crombie, P., Lopez, M., Mesa, M., & Samper, L. (2015). Adaptación de la Escalade Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes –Psicometría. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/samperlina/docs/adaptaci__n_de_la_escala_de_resilie

  10. Delgado, M. (2020). Resiliencia en jóvenes españoles ante la cuarentena por laCOVID-19. Trabajo de Fin de Grado de Psicología, Facultad de Psicología yLogopedia – Universidad de la Laguna. Retrieved from https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/915/21314/Resiliencia%20en%20jovenes%20espanoles%20ante%20la%20cuarentena%20por%20la%20COVID-19.pdf?sequence=1.

  11. Eisenberg, D., Hunt, J., & Speer, N. (2013). Mental health in American collegesand universities: Variation across student subgroups and across campuses.The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(1), 60-67. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827ab077

  12. Flores, J., Estévez, R., & Machado, B. (2018). Nivel de resiliencia de estudiantesuniversitarios de nuevo ingreso a la carrera de enfermería (3-7). XVI ColoquioPanamericano de Investigación en Enfermería, Palacio de Convenciones,Habana.

  13. Gardner, M. J., Thomas, H. J., & Erskine, H. E. (2019). The association between fiveforms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: A systematicreview and meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 96, 104082. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104082

  14. Gomes, C. F. M., Pereira Junior, R. J., Cardoso, J. V., & Silva, D. A. (2020). Commonmental disorders in university students: epidemiological approach aboutvulnerabilities. SMAD, Revista Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas,16(1),1-8. doi: 10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2020.157317

  15. Gómez-Restrepo, C. (2016). La Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental–ENSM 2015[National Mental Health Survey- NMHST 2015]. Revista Colombiana dePsiquiatría, 45(Suppl 1), 1. doi: 10.1016/j.rcp.2016.09.006

  16. Gong, K. (2020). Extensible Strategies and Their Performance for Mental HealthEducation in Colleges. International Journal of Emerging Technologies inLearning (iJET), 15(09), 205-218. doi: 10.3991/ijet.v15i09.14037

  17. Gonçalves, A. M. P. M. P. C., & Camarneiro, A. P. (2018). Validação da ResilienceScale de Wagnild e Young em contexto de acolhimento residencial deadolescentes. Revista de Enfermagem Referência, IV(17), 107-117. Retrievedfrom https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=388256983015

  18. Gower, T., Rancher, C., Campbell, J., Mahoney, A., Jackson, M., McDonald, R.,& Jouriles, E. N. (2020). Caregiver and divine support: Associations withresilience among adolescents following disclosure of sexual abuse. Child Abuse& Neglect, 109, 104681. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104681

  19. Gunnell, D., Appleby, L., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., John, A., Kapur, N., …COVID-19 Suicide Prevention Research Collaboration. (2020). Suicide riskand prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(6),468-471. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30171-1

  20. Henao Rojas, Y. E., Ponce García, J. A., Zuluaga Gil, I., Posada Gómez, S., & ZapataZabala, M. E. (2020). Traumatic experiences and resilience in populationexposed to violence. Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de laSalud, 2(1), 28-40. doi: 10.46634/riics.42

  21. Hernández-Ballester, C., Ferrer-Pérez, C., Montagud-Romero, S., & Blanco-Gandía,M. C. (2023). Estrés en tiempos de confinamiento: estrategias de afrontamientoy crecimiento postraumático en población universitaria. Revista de Psicología yEducación, 18(1), 1-10. doi: 10.23923/rpye2023.01.229

  22. Hill, M. R., Goicochea, S., & Merlo, L. J. (2018). In their own words: stressors facingmedical students in the millennial generation. Medical Education Online, 23(1),1530558. doi: 10.1080/10872981.2018.1530558

  23. Husky, M. M., Kovess-Masfety, V., & Swendsen, J. D. (2020). Stress andanxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatoryconfinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 102, 152191. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191

  24. Kaparounaki, C. K., Patsali, M. E., Mousa, D. V., Papadopoulou, E., Papadopoulou,K., & Fountoulakis, K. N. (2020). University students’ mental health amidstthe COVID-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113111. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113111

  25. Karatekin, C. (2018). Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Stress and MentalHealth in College Students. Stress and Health, 34(1), 36-45. doi: 10.1002/smi.2761

  26. Killgore, W., Taylor, E. C., Cloonan, S. A., & Dailey, N. S. (2020). Psychologicalresilience during the COVID-19 lockdown. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113216.doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113216

  27. Kola, L., Kohrt, B. A., Hanlon, C., Naslund, J. A., Sikander, S., Balaji, M., … Patel,V. (2021). COVID-19 mental health impact and responses in low-incomeand middle-income countries: reimagining global mental health. The Lancet,Psychiatry, 8(6), 535-550. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00025-0

  28. Kunzler, A. M., Helmreich, I., Chmitorz, A., König, J., Binder, H., Wessa, M., &Lieb, K. (2020). Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcareprofessionals. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7(7), CD012527. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012527.pub2

  29. Lavoie, J., Pereira, L. C., & Talwar, V. (2016). Children’s Physical ResilienceOutcomes: Meta-Analysis of Vulnerability and Protective Factors. Journal ofPediatric Nursing, 31(6), 701-711. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.07.011

  30. Leitón Espinoza, Z., Cáceda Ñazco, G. S., Pérez-Valdez, C. L., Gómez-Luján, M. delP., González y González, V.F., & Villanueva-Benites, M. E. (2022). Calidad devida del estudiante universitario antes y durante la pandemia de Covid-19. SaludUninorte, 38(3), 675-692. doi: 10.14482/sun.38.3.614.59

  31. Lipson, S. K., Abelson, S., Ceglarek, P., Phillips, M., & Eisenberg, D. (2019).Investing in student mental health: Opportunities & benefits for collegeleadership. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.

  32. Liu, M., Mejia-Lancheros, C., Lachaud, J., Nisenbaum, R., Stergiopoulos, V., & Hwang,S. W. (2020). Resilience and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Associations withPoor Mental Health Among Homeless Adults. American Journal of PreventiveMedicine, 58(6), 807-816. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.017

  33. MacPhee, J., Modi, K., Gorman, S., Roy, N., Riba, E., Cusumano, D., … Doraiswamy,P. M. (2021). A Comprehensive Approach to Mental Health Promotion andSuicide Prevention for Colleges and Universities. Washington, DC: NationalAcademy of Medicine. NAM Perspectives. doi: 10.31478/202106b

  34. Mascayano, F., van der Ven, E., Moro, M. F., Schilling, S., Alarcón, S., Al Barathie,J., … HEROES group (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic onthe mental health of healthcare workers: study protocol for the COVID-19HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study. Social Psychiatry and PsychiatricEpidemiology, 57(3), 633-645. doi: 10.1007/s00127-021-02211-9

  35. Medina, G., Lujano, Y., Aza, P., & Sucari, W. (2020). Resiliencia y engagement enestudiantes universitarios durante el contexto del COVID 19. Revista InnovaEducación, 2(4), 658-667. doi: 10.35622/j.rie.2020.04.010

  36. Mejía, J. (2018). Resiliencia en los estudiantes del quinto ciclo de enfermería ypsicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Ica. Perú. Retrieved from https://alicia.concytec.gob.pe/vufind/Record/AUIC_458da647a34151b0c01c8ca5832e6dab/Details

  37. Nunja Arroyo, M. S. (2016). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resilienciaen estudiantes de institutos técnicos superiores de la ciudad de Trujillo [Tesispara obtener el título profesional de Licenciada en Psicología]. Trujillo – Perú:Facultad de humanidades, Universidad César Vallejo.

  38. Odriozola-González, P., Planchuelo-Gómez, Á., Irurtia, M. J., & de Luis-García,R. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdownamong students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Research, 290,113108. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113108

  39. Ordoñez Morales, D. (2020). Resiliencia y compromiso académico en estudiantes deuna universidad de Quevedo [Tesis para obtener el grado académico de Maestraen Docencia Universitaria]. Piura, Perú: Universidad César Vallejo. Retrievedfrom https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12692/47952?show=full

  40. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura[UNESCO]. (2020). Education: From disruption to recovery, Covid-19.UNESCO.

  41. Oviedo-Feria, G. (2017). Adaptación y validación psicométrica de la escala deresiliencia (RE) de Wagnild y Young a estudiantes entre 18 a 25 años de edad, enla ciudad de Sincelejo – Sucre. [Tesis de psicología]. Corporación Universitariadel Caribe - CECAR.

  42. Pacheco, J. P., Giacomin, H. T., Tam, W. W., Ribeiro, T. B., Arab, C., Bezerra, I. M.,& Pinasco, G. C. (2017). Mental health problems among medical students inBrazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria,39(4), 369-378. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2223

  43. Padrão, M. R. A. D. V., Tomasini, A. J., Romero, M. L. A. D. M., Silva, D., Cavaca, A.G., & Köptcke, L. S. (2021). Peer education: youth protagonism in a preventiveapproach to alcohol and other drugs. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 26(7), 2759-2768. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232021267.07322021

  44. Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., …UnÜtzer, J. (2018). The Lancet Commission on global mental health andsustainable development. Lancet, 392(10157), 1553-1598. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31612-X

  45. PeConga, E. K., Gauthier, G. M., Holloway, A., Walker, R., Rosencrans, P. L.,Zoellner, L. A., & Bedard-Gilligan, M. (2020). Resilience is spreading: Mentalhealth within the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory,Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1),S47-S48. doi: 10.1037/tra0000874

  46. Perales, A., Izaguirre, M., Sánchez, E., Barahona, L., Martina, M., Amemiya, I.,… Padilla, A. (2019). Salud mental en estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultadde Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Anales de laFacultad de Medicina, 80(4), 443-450. doi: 10.15381/anales.v80i4.17142

  47. Piñeros-Ortiz, S., Moreno-Chaparro, J., Garzón-Orjuela, N., Urrego-Mendoza,Z., Samacá-Samacá, D., & Eslava-Schmalbach, J. (2021). Consecuencias delos conflictos armados en la salud mental de niños y adolescentes: revisiónde revisiones de la literatura. Biomédica, 41(3), 424-448. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.5447

  48. Pirdehghan, A., Vakili, M., Rajabzadeh, Y., Puyandehpour, M., & Aghakoochak,A. (2016). Child Abuse and Mental Disorders in Iranian Adolescents. IranianJournal of Pediatrics, 26(2), e3839. doi: 10.5812/ijp.3839

  49. Restrepo, J. E., Sánchez, O. A., & Castañeda, T. (2020). Estrés académico en estudiantesuniversitarios. Psicoespacios, 14(24), 17-37. doi: 10.25057/21452776.1331

  50. Rodríguez, A. (2021). Propiedades psicométricas del test conociendo mis emocionesen niños de 8 a 12 años de la Ciudad de Piura [Tesis para optar por el títulode profesional de Licenciado en Psicología]. Facultad de Medicina Humana,Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Retrieved from https://repositorio.upao.edu.pe/bitstream/20.500.12759/9175/1/REP_JENNY.TERRONES_TIRSA.RODRIGUEZ_PROPIEDADES.PSICOMETRICAS.pdf

  51. Sánchez Acosta, D., Castaño Pérez, G., Sierra Hincapié, G., Moratto Vásquez,N. S., Salas Zapata, C., Buitrago Salazar, J., & Torres de Galvis, Y. (2019).Salud mental de adolescentes y jóvenes víctimas de desplazamiento forzado enColombia. CES Psicología, 12(3), 1-19. doi: 10.21615/cesp.12.3.1

  52. Secord, E., & McGrath, E. (2021). Covid-19 in Children. Pediatric Clinics NorthAmerica, 68(5), 307. https://sostelemedicina.ucv.ve/covid19/manuales/COVID19%20en%20ninos.pdf

  53. Soldatou, A., Pantzios, S. I., Panagiotou, M. R., Panagiotopoulos, T., Nicoletos, T.,& Michala, L. (2021). Child sexual abuse among medical school students:experiences and perceptions. International Journal of Impotence Research,33(3), 364-368. doi: 10.1038/s41443-020-0254-4

  54. Su, Y., D’Arcy, C., & Meng, X. (2020). Social Support and Positive Coping Skills asMediators Buffering the Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on PsychologicalDistress and Positive Mental Health in Adulthood: Analysis of a NationalPopulation-Based Sample. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189(5), 394-402. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz275

  55. Unicef. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of adolescents andyouth [En línea]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/lac/en/impact-covid-19-mental-health adolescents-and-youth (Access date 20/08/2022)

  56. Valdivieso, M., Burbano, V., & Burbano, A. (2020). Percepción de estudiantesuniversitarios colombianos sobre el efecto del confinamiento por el coronavirus,y su rendimiento académico. Revista Espacios, 41(42), 3. doi:10.48082/espacios-a20v41n42p23

  57. Vega, J. (2021). Deserción escolar en el marco de la Pandemia del COVID-19 enColombia [Tesis]. Retrieved from https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstream/handle/1992/55077/26195.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

  58. Vega-Arce, M., & Nuñez-Ulloa, G. (2017). Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia:Revisión de su impacto en niños de 0 a 5 años. Enfermería Universitaria, 14(2),124-130. doi: 10.1016/j.reu.2017.02.004

  59. Vélez-Botero, H., Bohórquez, J., Agudelo Hernández, F., Bautista-Bautista, N.,Peñuela, A. M., & Guerrero, A. (2023). Salud mental en trabajadores de la saluden la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia. Revista Colombiana de TerapiaOcupacional, 1. Retrieved from https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/Lasalud-mental-de-los-trabajadores-de-la-salud-es-prioridad.aspx

  60. Villalba, K., & Martínez, R. (2019). Resilience as a factor determining satisfactionwith life among university students. Revista Cubana de Educación MédicaSuperior, 33(3),1-15. Retrieved from https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/biblio-1089922

  61. Villalobos-Otayza, A., Vela-Alfaro, F., Wiegering-Gianoli, D., & Robles-Alfaro, R.(2019). Level of resilience and depressive symptoms in medical interns in Peru.Educación Médica, 22(1):14-19. Retrieved from https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/ibc-202111

  62. Wagnild, G., & Young, H. (1993) Development and psychometric evaluation of theresilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165-178. Retrievedfrom https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7850498/

  63. Yıldırım, M., & Solmaz, F. (2022). COVID-19 burnout, COVID-19 stress andresilience: Initial psychometric properties of COVID-19 Burnout Scale. DeathStudies, 46(3), 524-532. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1818885

  64. Yule, K., Houston, J., & Grych, J. (2019). Resilience in Children Exposed toViolence: A Meta-analysis of Protective Factors Across Ecological Contexts.Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 22(3), 406-431. doi: 10.1007/s10567-019-00293-1




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com