medigraphic.com
Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2023, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Rev Biomed 2023; 34 (2)

Micronuclei: Update on the role in genetic instability, inflammation, aging and cancer

Torres-Bugarín O, Arias-Ruiz LF

Language: Spanish
References: 80
Page: 208-223
PDF size: 393.91 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Genome integrity is essential for the health and continuity of species. Micronuclei are biomarkers of genotoxicity and protagonists of instability and genetic chaos. A micronucleus, or Howell-Jolly body, contains DNA independent of the nucleus, which originates from anaphase delay, whose membrane is unstable and prone to rupture without repair. The DNA contained in these structures can condense, replicate, divide, however, in an asynchronous manner to the nuclear genetic material, and can even undergo chromothripsis and reincorporate into the nucleus, which causes genetic chaos and thus cancer. On the other hand, if DNA from the micronucleus is released into the cytosol, it triggers a chronic inflammatory response, senescence and apoptosis. Thus, it is vital to timely detect individuals susceptible to genomic damage, which would allow prioritizing prophylactic care. Therefore, the objective was to make a descriptive review of the most used and innovative models in the micronucleus test and the cellular and molecular advances in the knowledge of these structures, as well as their health effects, to outline a perspective and propose them as a preventive alternative of easy execution in the detection of individuals vulnerable to genotoxic agents. We searched for articles in MEDLINE published in the years 2000-2023, which included the terms “micronuclei use and causes” and “micronuclei cause and consequences”. The final inclusion was determined after a review of the abstracts and subsequent analysis of the full text; articles were not included once the contributions were repetitive.


REFERENCES

  1. Torres-Bugarín O, Zavala CM, Nava A, Flores GA,Ramos IM. Potential uses, limitations and basicprocedures of Micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities inbuccal cells. Dis Markers.2014; (2014) 956835. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/956835.

  2. Arellano-García ME, Torres-Bugarín O, García-GarcíaMR, García-Flores D, Toledano-Magaña Y, Sanabria-Mora CS, et al. Genomic Instability and Cyto-GenotoxicDamage in Animal Species. In: Updates on VeterinaryAnatomy and Physiology. Edited by Catrin Sian Rutlandand Samir A.A. El-Gendy. Ed. Intech Open. 2021 Sep;1-19. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99685. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/78242

  3. Torres-Bugarín O, Carillo Gómez CS, Armijo GómezJA. Evaluación de genotóxicos ambientales mediantela prueba de micronúcleos en sangre periférica. En:Ecología y Salud de la fauna silvestre Avances deinvestigación. Colección Investigadores. UJED. Ed. 2.2019. https://issuu.com/editorialujed/docs/ecologia_y_salud__digital

  4. Solórzano-Meléndez A, Rodrigo-Alarcón R, Gómez-Meda BC, Zamora-Pérez AL, Ortiz-García RG,Bayardo-López LH, et al. Micronucleated erythrocytesin peripheral blood from neonate rats fed by nursingmothers exposed to X-rays. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2021;Mar; 62(3):177-184. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22426.

  5. Naranjo-Vázquez E, Sánchez-Parada MG, Gómez-MedaBC, Zamora-Perez AL, Gallegos-Arreola MP, González-Santiago AE, et al. Effect of High-Dose TopicalMinoxidil on Erythrocyte Quality in SKH1 HairlessMice. Animals (Basel). 2020 Apr; 23;10(4):731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040731.

  6. Valenzuela-Salas LM, Girón-Vázquez NG, García-RamosJC, Torres-Bugarín O, Gómez C, Pestryakov A, et al.Antiproliferative and Antitumour Effect of NongenotoxicSilver Nanoparticles on Melanoma Models. Oxid MedCell Longev. 2019 Jul 25;2019:4528241. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4528241.

  7. Castañeda-Yslas IY, Torres-Bugarín O, García-Ramos JC, Toledano-Magaña Y, Radilla-Chávez P,Bogdanchikova N, et al. AgNPs Argovit™ ModulatesCyclophosphamide-Induced Genotoxicity on PeripheralBlood Erythrocytes In Vivo. Nanomaterials (Basel).2021 Aug 18;11(8):2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082096.

  8. Franco-Ramos RS, López-Romero CA, Torres-OrtegaH, Oseguera-Herrera D, Lamoreaux-Aguayo JP,Molina-Noyola D, et al. Evaluation of Anti-Cytotoxicand Anti-Genotoxic Effects of Nigella sativa througha Micronucleus Test in BALB/c Mice. Nutrients. 2020May 6;12(5):1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051317.

  9. Arellano-García ME, Izaguirre-Pérez ME, Molina-Noyola LD, Castañeda-Yslas IY, Luna-Vázquez-GómezR, Torres-Bugarín O. Genetic Instability of a PolydactylHypopigmented Cat With Squamous Cell Carcinoma-ACase Report. Front Vet Sci. 2020 May ;12(7):258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00258.

  10. Ramos-Ibarra ML, Villa-Castellanos J, Barba-León J,Flores-Valdez M, Zavala-Aguirre JL, Torres BugarínO. Estudio exploratorio de la genotoxicidad de vacunasrecombinantes para tuberculosis bovina. AbanicoVet. 2020;10 (1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.21929/abavet2020.8.

  11. Stocker J, Morel AP, Wolfarth M, Dias JF, NiekraszewiczLAB, Cademartori CV, et al. Basal levels of inorganicelements, genetic damages, and hematological valuesin captive Falco peregrinus. Genet Mol Biol. 2022May;27;45(2):e20220067. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2022-0067

  12. Silveira EDR, Benvindo-Souza M, Assis RA, DosSantos CGA, de Lima Amorim NP, et al. Micronucleusand different nuclear abnormalities in wild birds in theCerrado, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Feb;29(10):14279-14287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16845-4.

  13. Pereda-Solís M, Guillén-González1CS, Ramírez-Carreño K, Martínez-Guerrero JH, Sierra-Franco D,Salazar-Borunda B, Torres-Bugarín O. Leukocyte profile,micronuclei, and erythrocitary nuclear protrusionsin sparrows (Centronyx bairdii and Ammodramussavannarum) of the chihuahuan desert during the winter.Agrociencia 2022 Ene- Feb; 56:46-60. https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i1.2710.

  14. Ceyca-Contrerasa JP, Castillo-Guerrero JA, Torres-Bugarín O, García-Hernández J, Betancourt-LozanoM. Micronuclei in embryos of eight seabird speciesin northwestern Mexico: a potential biomarker ofexposure to coastal pollution Mutation Research -Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis.2023.503615. EN PRENSA https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503615.

  15. Flores-Galván MA, Daesslé LW, Arellano-García E,Torres-Bugarín O, Macías-Zamora JV, Ruiz-CamposG. Genotoxicity in fishes environmentally exposed toAs, Se, Hg, Pb, Cr and toxaphene in the lower ColoradoRiver basin, at Mexicali valley, Baja California, México.Ecotoxicology. 2020 May; 29(4):493-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02200-9.

  16. Zamora-Perez AL, Luna-Aguirre J, Zúñiga-GonzálezGM, Torres-Bugarín O, Torres-Mendoza BM, Gallegos-Arreola MP, et al. Micronuclei and Nuclear Buds Inducedby Cyclophosphamide in Crocodylus moreletii as UsefulBiomarkers in Aquatic Environments. Animals (Basel).2021 Nov 7; 11(11):3178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113178.

  17. Zúñiga-González G, Gómez-Meda BC, Zamora-PerezA, Ramos-Ibarra ML, Batista-González CM, Espinoza-Jiménez S, et al. Induction of micronuclei in proestrusvaginal cells from colchicine- and cyclophosphamidetreatedrats. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2003;42(4):306-10.https://doi.org/10.1002/em.10202.

  18. Zamora-Perez A, Zúñiga-González GM, Gómez-MedaBC, Ramos-Ibarra ML, Batista-González CM, Torres-Bugarín O. Induction of micronucleated cells in theshed skin of salamanders (Ambystoma sp.) treated withcolchicine or cyclophosphamide. Environ Mol Mutagen.2004; 44(5):436-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.20074.

  19. Ruiz-Ruiz B, Arellano-García ME, Radilla-ChávezP, Salas-Vargas DS, Toledano-Magaña Y, Casillas-Figueroa F, et al. Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus AssayUsing Human Lymphocytes as a Sensitive Tool forCytotoxicity/Genotoxicity Evaluation of AgNPs. ACSOmega. 2020 May; 21;5(21):12005-12015. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00149

  20. Santovito A, Santovito A, Gendusa C. Micronucleifrequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthysubjects living in Turin (North-Italy): contribution ofbody mass index, age and sex. Ann Hum Biol. 2020 Feb;47(1):48-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2020.1714728

  21. Sordo M, Maciel RJ, Salazar AM, Robles MR, VelozMM, Pacheco LJ, et al. Particulate matter-associatedmicronuclei frequencies in maternal and cord bloodlymphocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2019 Jun;60(5):421-427. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22275

  22. Tadin A, Gavic L, Roguljic M, Jerkovic D, Zeljezic D.Nuclear morphological changes in gingival epithelialcells of patients with periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig.2019;23(10):3749-3757. doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-02803-5.

  23. Torres-Bugarín O, Covarrubias BR, Zamora PA, TorresMB, García UM, Martínez SF. Anabolic androgenicsteroids induce micronuclei in buccal mucosa cells ofbody builders. BJSM. 2007 Sep; 41: 592-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.032474

  24. Idolo A, Grassi T, Bagordo F, Panico A, De Giorgi M,Serio F, et al. Micronuclei in Exfoliated Buccal Cells ofChildren Living in a Cluster Area of Salento (SouthernItaly) with a High Incidence of Lung Cancer: The IMP.AIR Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Ags;5;15(8):1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081659.

  25. Franzke B, Schwingshackl L, Wagner KH. Chromosomaldamage measured by the cytokinesis block micronucleuscytome assay in diabetes and obesity - A systematicreview and meta-analysis. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res.2020 Oct-Dic;786:108343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108343.

  26. Flores-García A, Ruiz-Bernés S, Aguiar-García P,Benítez-Guerrero V, Valle-Solis M, Molina-Noyola L, etal. Micronúcleos y anormalidades nucleares en célulasde mucosa bucal de mujeres mexicanas con factoresde riesgo para cáncer cérvico-uterino: Estudio piloto.Revista El Residente 2018 Myo-Ags; 13(2): 56-61.http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/residente/rr-2018/rr182c.pdf.

  27. Flores-Garcia A, Torres-Bugarin O, Salvador Velarde-Félix J, Rangel-Villalobos H, Zepeda-Carrillo EA,Rodríguez-Trejo A, et al. Micronuclei and othernuclear anomalies in exfoliated buccal mucosa cellsof Mexican women with breast cancer. J BUON.2014 Oct-Dec;19(4):895-9. https://www.jbuon.com/archive/19-4-895.pdf

  28. Torres-Bugarín O, Ventura-Aguilar A, Zamora-PerezA, Gómez-Meda BC, Ramos-Ibarra ML, Morga-VillelaG, et al. Evaluation of cisplatin + 5-FU, carboplatin +5-FU, and ifosfamide + epirubicine regimens using themicronuclei test and nuclear abnormalities in the buccalmucosa. Mutat Res. 2004 Aug; 31;565(1):91-101.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00163-3

  29. Torres-Bugarín O, Pacheco-Gutiérrez AG, Vázquez-Valls E, Ramos-Ibarra ML, Torres-Mendoza BM.Micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosacells in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa.Mutagenesis. 2014 Nov;29(6):427-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geu044.

  30. Molina-Noyola L, Coronado-Romo M, Vázquez-Alcaraz S, Izaguirre-Perez M, Arellano-García E,Flores-García A, et al. Evaluation of genotoxicity andcytotoxicity amongst in dental surgeons and techniciansby micronucleus assay. Dent Oral Craniofac Res. 2019;5:1-5. https://www.oatext.com/pdf/DOCR-5-296.pdf.

  31. Wagner KH, Schwingshackl L, Draxler A, Franzke B.Impact of dietary and lifestyle interventions in elderlyor people diagnosed with diabetes, metabolic disorders,cardiovascular disease, cancer and micronutrientdeficiency on micronuclei frequency - A systematicreview and meta-analysis. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res.2021 Jan-Jun; 787:108367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108367.

  32. Changizi V, Haeri SA, Abbasi S, Rajabi Z, MirdoraghiM. Radioprotective effects of vitamin A against gammaradiation in mouse bone marrow cells. MethodsX. 2019;3;6:714-717. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.03.020.

  33. Khairwa A, Kotru M, Dewan P, Narang S. Morphologicalmarkers of chromosomal instability in bone marrowaspiration and trephine biopsy of acute leukemia andmyelodysplastic syndrome. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2022Dic;63(8-9):418-422. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22513

  34. OECD (2016), Test No.474: Mammalian ErythrocyteMicronucleus Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing ofChemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2016;https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264264762-en.

  35. Hopf NB, Danuser B, Bolognesi C, Wild P. Agerelated micronuclei frequency ranges in buccal andnasal cells in a healthy population. Environ Res. 2020Jan.180:108824. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108824.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108824

  36. Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Al-Serori H,Knasmüller S. Induction of chromosomal damage inexfoliated buccal and nasal cells of road markers. JToxicol Environ Health A. 2019;82(17):969-976. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2019.1673578

  37. Nersesyan A, Muradyan R, Kundi M, Fenech M,Bolognesi C, Knasmueller S. Smoking causes inductionof micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in cervicalcells. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 May; 226:113492.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113492.

  38. Espinoza F, Cecchini L, Morote J, Marcos R, PastorS. Micronuclei frequency in urothelial cells of bladdercancer patients, as a biomarker of prognosis. EnvironMol Mutagen. 2019 Mar;60 (2):168-173. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22252.

  39. Zhao M, Wang F, Wu J, Cheng Y, Cao Y, Wu X, et al.CGAS is a micronucleophagy receptor for the clearanceof micronuclei. Autophagy. 2021 Dec;17(12):3976-3991. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1899440

  40. Guscott M, Saha A, Maharaj J, McClelland SE. Themultifaceted role of micronuclei in tumour progression:A whole organism perspective. Int J Biochem Cell Biol.2022 Sep 20;152:106300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106300.

  41. Guo X, Dai X, Wu X, Cao N, Wang X. Small but strong:Mutational and functional landscapes of micronucleiin cancer genomes. Int J Cancer. 2021 Feb; 15; 148(4):812-824. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33300.

  42. Kirsch-Volders M, Bolognesi C, Ceppi M, Bruzzone M,Fenech M. Micronuclei, inflammation and auto-immunedisease. Mutat Res. 2020 Oct-Dic;786:108335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108335.

  43. Gauthier BR, Comaills V. Nuclear Envelope Integrityin Health and Disease: Consequences on GenomeInstability and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021Jul; 6:22(14):7281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147281.

  44. Maciejowski J, Hatch EM. Nuclear Membrane Ruptureand Its Consequences. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2020Oct; 6: 36:85-114. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevcellbio-020520-120627.

  45. Maass KK, Rosing F, Ronchi P, Willmund KV, DevensF, Hergt M, et al. Altered nuclear envelope structureand proteasome function of micronuclei. Exp Cell Res.2018 Oct; 15:371(2):353-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.029.

  46. Guo X, Ni J, Liang Z, Xue J, Fenech MF, Wang X. Themolecular origins and pathophysiological consequencesof micronuclei: new insights into an age-old problem.Rev Mutat Res. 2019 Jan-Mar; 779:1-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.11.001.

  47. Guo X, Dai X, Wu X, Zhou T, Ni J, Xue J, et al.Understanding the birth of rupture-prone and irreparablemicronuclei. Chromosoma. 2020 Dec;129(3-4):181-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-020-00741-w.

  48. Sommer S, Buraczewska I, Kruszewski M. MicronucleusAssay: The State of Art, and Future Directions. Int J MolSci. 2020 Feb; 24;21(4):1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041534.

  49. Mohr L, Toufektchan E, von Morgen P, Chu K,Kapoor A, Maciejowski J. ER-directed TREX1 limitscGAS activation at micronuclei. Mol Cell. 2021Feb;18;81(4):724-738.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.037.

  50. Heil M, Vega-Muñoz I. Nucleic Acid Sensing inMammals and Plants: Facts and Caveats. Int RevCell Mol Biol. 2019 Nov; 345:225-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.10.003.

  51. Zhou R, Xie X, Li X, Qin Z, Wei C, Liu J, et al. The triggersof the cGAS-STING pathway and the connection withinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Infect GenetEvol. 2020 Jan;77:104094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104094

  52. Motwani M, Pesiridis S, Fitzgerald KA. DNA sensingby the cGAS-STING pathway in health and disease.Nat Rev Genet. 2019 Nov; 20: 657–674. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-019-0151-1

  53. Mihaljevic O, Zivancevic SS, Milosevic DO, DjurdjevicP, Jovanovic D, Todorovic Z, et al. Apoptosis and genomeinstability in children with autoimmune diseases.Mutagenesis. 2018 Dic; 31:33(5-6):351-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gey037.

  54. Feliciano LM, Sávio ALV, de Castro Marcondes JP,da Silva GN, Salvadori DMF. Genetic Alterations inPatients with Two Clinical Phenotypes of MultipleSclerosis. J Mol Neurosci. 2020 Jan; 70(1):120-130. doi:10.1007/s12031-019-01408-7.

  55. Fenech M, Holland N, Kirsch-Volders M, Knudsen LE,Wagner KH, Stopper H, et al. Micronuclei and disease- Report of HUMN project workshop at Rennes 2019EEMGS conference. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol EnvironMutagen. 2020 Feb-Mar; 850-851: 503133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503133

  56. Shoshani O, Brunner SF, Yaeger R, Ly P, Nechemia-Arbely Y, Kim DH, et al. Chromothripsis drives theevolution of gene amplification in cancer. Nature.2021 Mar; 591(7848):137-141 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03064-z.

  57. Kiran K, Agarwal P, Kumar S, Jain K. Micronuclei asa Predictor for Oral Carcinogenesis. J Cytol. 2018 Oct-Dec; 35(4):233-236. doi: 10.4103/JOC.JOC_141_17.

  58. Bolognesi C, Bruzzone M, Ceppi M, Marcon F.Micronuclei and upper body cancers (head, neck, breastcancers) a systematic review and meta-analysis. MutatRes Rev Mutat Res. 2021; 787:108358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108358

  59. Ramírez MJ, Minguillón J, Loveless S, Lake K,Carrasco E, Stjepanovic N, et al. Chromosome fragilityin the buccal epithelium in patients with Fanconianemia. Cancer Lett. 2020 Mar;1;472:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.008.

  60. Arnaoutoglou C, Keivanidou A, Dragoutsos G, TentasI, Meditskou S, Zarogoulidis P, et al. Factors Affectingthe Nuclei in Newborn and Children. Int J EnvironRes Public Health. 2022 Apr 1;19(7):4226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074226.

  61. Gratia M, Rodero MP, Conrad C, Bou Samra E, MaurinM, Rice GI, et al. Bloom syndrome protein restrainsinnate immune sensing of micronuclei by cGAS. JExp Med. 2019 Myo; 6;216(5):1199-1213. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181329

  62. Vicic A, Stipoljev F. Susceptibility to chromosomeinstability and occurrence of the regular form of Downsyndrome in young couples. Mutat Res Genet ToxicolEnviron Mutagen. 2022 Sep;881:503511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503511.

  63. Tomanin R, Sarto F, Mazzotti D, Giacomelli L, RaimondiF, Trevisan C. Louis-Bar syndrome: spontaneous andinduced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytesand micronuclei in lymphocytes, oral mucosa and hairroot cells. Hum Genet. 1990;85(1):31-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00276322.

  64. Shafei-Benaissa E, Savage JR, Papworth D, Babin P,Larrègue M, Tanzer J, et al. Evidence of chromosomalinstability in the lymphocytes of Gorlin basal-cellcarcinoma patients. Mutat Res. 1995 Nov; 332(1-2):27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(95)00082-0.

  65. Sutyagina OI, Kisurina-Evgenieva OP. MorphofunctionalDifferences of Micronuclei in Cultures of Human p53-Positive and p53-Negative Tumor Cells. Bull Exp BiolMed. 2019 Oct;167(6):813-817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-019-04629-3.

  66. Honma M, Tadokoro S, Sakamoto H, Tanabe H,Sugimoto M, Furuichi Y, et al. Chromosomal instabilityin B-lymphoblastoid cell lines from Werner and Bloomsyndrome patients. Mutat Res. 2002 Sep; 26:520(1-2):15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00144-4.

  67. Nazaryan-Petersen L, Bjerregaard VA, Nielsen FC,Tommerup N, Tümer Z. Chromothripsis and DNARepair Disorders. J Clin Med. 2020 Feb; 25;9(3):613.https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030613

  68. Biglari S, Kamali K, Banihashemi S, Faal SezavariA, Aghajanpour-Mir SM, Behjati F. Investigation ofAneusomy of Chromosome 21 in the Micronuclei of 13Patients with Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease UsingFluorescence in Situ Hybridization: A Pilot Study. RepBiochem Mol Biol. 2020 Jan; 8(4):446-453. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275832/

  69. Reimann H, Stopper H, Polak T, Lauer M, HerrmannMJ, Deckert J, Hintzsche H. Micronucleus frequency inbuccal mucosa cells of patients with neurodegenerativediseases. Sci Rep. 2020 Dic; 17:10(1):22196. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78832-y.

  70. Fenech M, Knasmueller S, Knudsen LE, Kirsch-VoldersM, Deo P, et al. “Micronuclei and Disease” special issue:Aims, scope, and synthesis of outcomes. Mutat Res.2021 Jul-Dec; 788:108384 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108384.

  71. Bonassi S, Fenech M. Roadmap for translating resultsfrom the micronucleus assay into clinical practice:From observational studies to randomized controlledtrials. Mutat Res. 2021 Jul-Dec;788:108390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108390

  72. Nersesyan A, Muradyan R, Kundi M, Fenech M,Bolognesi C, Knasmueller S. Smoking causes inductionof micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in cervicalcells. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 May; 226:113492.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113492.

  73. Furness DL, Dekker GA, Hague WM, Khong TY, FenechMF. Increased lymphocyte micronucleus frequencyin early pregnancy is associated prospectively withpre-eclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction.Mutagenesis. 2010 Sep; 25(5):489-98. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geq032.

  74. Knudsen LE, Kirsch-Volders M. Micronuclei,reproduction and child health. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res.2021Jan-Jun; 787: 108345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108345.

  75. Laanani I, Boutelis S, Bennoune O, Belaaloui G. Buccalmicronucleus cytome biomarkers in Algerian coupleswith idiopathic infertility. Mutat Res Genet ToxicolEnviron Mutagen. 2018 Nov; 835: 32-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.08.010

  76. Stopper H, Bankoglu EE, Marcos R, Pastor S.Micronucleus frequency in chronic kidney diseasepatients: a review. Mutat. Res. 2020 Oct-Dec; 786:108340,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108340.

  77. Rafferty K, Archer KJ, Turner K, Brown R, Jackson-CookC. Trisomy 21-associated increases in chromosomalinstability are unmasked by comparing isogenic trisomic/disomic leukocytes from people with mosaic Downsyndrome. PLoS One. 2021 Jul; 20;16(7):e0254806.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254806.

  78. Donmez-Altuntas H, Bayram F, Coskun-Demirkalp AN,Baspınar O, Kocer D, Toth PP. Therapeutic effects of statinson chromosomal DNA damage of dyslipidemic patients.Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2019 Oct; 244(13):1089-1095. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537021987189.

  79. Baig A, Avlasevich SL, Torous DK, Bemis JC,Saubermann LJ, Lovell DP, et al. Assessment of systemicgenetic damage in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.Environ Mol Mutagen. 2020 Nov; 61(9):901-909.https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22403

  80. Uehara DT, Mitsubuchi H, Inazawa J. A missense variantin NUF2, a component of the kinetochore NDC80complex, causes impaired chromosome segregationand aneuploidy associated with microcephaly and shortstature. Hum Genet. 2021 Jul;140(7):1047-1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-021-02273-4.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com