medigraphic.com

2023, Number 6

<< Back Next >>

Rev Fac Med UNAM 2023; 66 (6)

Statins, an Alternative in the Treatment of COVID-19

González-Escandón J, Ordaz-Mayoral D, Pablo-Mancilla V, Vargas-Morales A, Miranda-Zamora R, Díaz-Zagoya JC

Language: Spanish
References: 31
Page: 7-16
PDF size: 414.88 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Statins are widely used to control cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia, which helps prevent cardiovascular diseases. In addition to controlling endogenous cholesterol synthesis, statins have diverse pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) causes a cytokine storm that contributes to the generation of acute respiratory syndrome, which can lead to severe symptoms of this disease and even the death of the patient. Various studies carried out on patients with COVID-19 who received statins, before or during the disease, registered less severe symptoms, shorter hospital stays and lower mortality. The benefit of statins in COVID-19 should be explored more widely, as they can potentially contribute to the control of this pandemic that has devastated humanity.


REFERENCES

  1. Chang L, Yan Y, Wang L. Coronavirus disease 2019: Coronavirusesand blood safety. Transfus Med . 2020;34(2):75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.02.003.

  2. Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman MS, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S,Baghbanzadeh M, Aghamohammadi N, Zhang W, HaqueU. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19)epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: whatlessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol. 2020;48(3):717-26.doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa033.

  3. De León-Rodríguez SG, Hernández-Rico B, Olmo-VázquezGD, Cruz-Dávalos I, Bonifaz LC. SARS-CoV-2: previouscoronaviruses, immune response, and development of vaccines.Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2020;77(5):252-61. doi:10.24875/BMHIM.20000191.

  4. Diaz-Arocutipa C, Melgar-Talavera B, Alvarado-Yarasca Á,Saravia-Bartra MM, Cazorla P, Belzusarri I, et al. Statinsreduce mortality in patients with COVID-19: an updatedmeta-analysis of 147 824 patients. Int J Infect Dis [Internet].2021;110:374-81. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221006366

  5. Aparici A, Amat-Santos IJLópez-Otero D, Marcos-MangasM, González -Juanatey JR, San Román JA. Impacto de lasestatinas en los pacientes con COVID-19. Rev Esp Cardiol.2020;74(7):637-40. doi: 10.1016/j.recesp.2021.01.009.

  6. Wang H, Yuan Z, Pavel MA, Jablonski SM, Jablonski J,Hobson R, Valente S, Reddy CB, Hansen SB. The role ofhigh cholesterol in age-related COVID-19 lethality. bioRxiv.2021; 2020.05.09.0862249. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.086249preprint.

  7. Kunal S, Gupta K, Gupta S. Statins in COVID-19: a new rayof hope. Heart & Lung. 2020;49(6):887-9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.07.012.

  8. Lima Martínez MM et al. Estatinas en COVID-19: ¿existealgún fundamento? Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2020;32(6):278-81.

  9. Kočar E, Režen T, Rozman D. Cholesterol, lipoproteins,and COVID-19: Basic concepts and clinical applications.Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids [Internet].2021;1866(2):158849. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388198120302419

  10. Randa HD, Laurence LB. Goodman & Gilman. Manualde Farmacología y Terapéutica, 2a Ed. México: McGrawHill; 2015. pp. 584-5.

  11. Orlowski S, Mourad J-J, Gallo A, Bruckert E. Coronaviruses,cholesterol and statins: Involvement and applicationfor Covid-19. Biochimie [Internet]. 2021;189:51-64. Disponibleen: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300908421001516

  12. Myers KD, Wilemon K, McGowan MP, Howard W, StaszakD, Rader DJ. COVID-19 associated risks of myocardial infarctionin persons with familial hypercholesterolemia withor without ASCVD. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2021;7:100197. doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100197.

  13. Rezaei A, Neshat S, Heshmat-Ghahdarijani K. Alterationsof lipid profile in COVID-19: A narrative review. CurrProbl Cardiol [Internet]. 2022;47(3):100907. Disponibleen: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146280621001225

  14. Augustine R, S A, Nayeem A, Salam SA, Augustine P,Dan P, et al. Increased complications of COVID-19 inpeople with cardiovascular disease: Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. ChemBiol Interact [Internet]. 2022;351(109738):109738. Disponibleen: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009279721003768

  15. Minz MM, Bansal M, Kasliwal RR. Statins and SARSCoV-2 disease: Current concepts and possible benefits.Diabetes Metab Syndr [Internet]. 2020;14(6):2063-7. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871402120304094

  16. Know CS, Hasan SS. Meta-analysis of effect of statins inpatients with COVID-19. Am J Cardiol. 2020;134;153-5.doi: 10.1016.jam.jcard.2020.08.004.

  17. Khani E, Khiali S, Beheshtirouy S, Entezari-Maleki T. Potentialpharmacologic treatments for COVID-19 smell andtaste loss: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol [Internet].2021;912(174582):174582. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001429992100738X

  18. Kashour T, Halwani R, Arabi YM, Sohail MR, O’HoroJC, Badley AD, Tleyjeh IM. Statins as an adjunctive therapyfor COVID-19: the biological and clinical plausibility.Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2021 Feb;43(1):37-50.doi: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1863984. Epub 2021 Jan 6.PMID: 33406943.

  19. Kunutsor SK, Seidu S, Khunti K. Estatinas y prevenciónprimaria del tromboembolismo venoso: una revisión sistemáticay metanálisis. Lanceta Hematol. 2017;4(2):e83-e93.

  20. Ferrari F, Martins VM, Fuchs FD, Stein R. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in COVID-19: A review.Clinics (Sao Paulo) [Internet]. 2021;76(e2342):e2342. Disponibleen: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1807593222000904

  21. Liu K, Wang X, Song G. Association of epicardial adiposetissue with the severity and adverse clinical outcomes ofCOVID-19: A meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis [Internet].2022;120:33-40. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971222002120

  22. Aparisi Á, Amat-Santos IJ, López Otero D, Marcos-MangasM, González-Juanatey JR, San Román JA. Impactof statins in patients with COVID-19. Rev Esp Cardiol(Engl Ed) [Internet]. 2021;74(7):637-40. Disponibleen: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1885585721000256

  23. Daniels LB, Sitapati AM, Zhang J, Zou J, Bui QM, RenJ, Longhurst CA, Criqui MH, Messer K. Relation of statinuse prior to admission to severity and recovery amongCOVID-19 inpatients. Am J Cardiol. 2020;136:149-55.doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.012.

  24. Saeed O, Castagna F, Agalliu I, Xue X, Patel SR, RochlaniY, Kataria L, Vukelic S, Sims DB, Alvarez C, Rivas-LasarteM, García MJ, Jorde UP. Statin use and in-hospital mortalityin Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. J Am Heart Assoc.2020;9(24):e018475. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018475.

  25. Anklesaria Z, Frankman J, Gordin J, Zhan J, Liu AK. Fatalrhabdomyolysis in a COVID-19 patient on rosuvastatin.Cureus. 2020;12(10):11186. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11186.

  26. Butt JH, Gerds TA, Schou M, Kragholm K, Phelps M,Havers-Borgersen E, Yafasova A, Gislason GH, Torp-PedersenC, Kober L, Fosbol EL. Association between statinuse and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19): A nationwide cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(12):e044421. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044421.

  27. Ferrari F, Martins VM, Teixeira M, Santos RD, Stein R.COVID-19 and thromboinflammation: Is there a role forstatins? Clinics (Sao Paulo) [Internet]. 2021;76(e2518):e2518.Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1807593222001181

  28. Lima Martínez MM, Contreras MA, Marín W, D’MarcoL. Statins in COVID-19: Is there any foundation? ClínInvestig Arterioscler (Engl Ed) [Internet]. 2020;32(6):278-81. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2529912320300759

  29. Zapata-Cardona MI, Flórez-Álvarez L, Zapata-Builes W, Guerra-Sandoval AL, Guerra-Almonacid CM, Hincapié-GarcíaJ, et al. Atorvastatin Effectively Inhibits Ancestral and TwoEmerging Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Front Microbiol.2022 Mar 18;13:721103. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.721103.PMID: 35369500; PMCID: PMC8972052.

  30. Andrews L, Goldin L, Shen Y, Korwek K, Kleja K, PolandRE, Guy J, Sands KE, Perlin JB. Discontinuation of atorvastatinuse in hospital is associated with increased riskof mortality in COVID-19 patients. J Hosp Med. 2022Mar;17(3):169-175. doi: 10.1002/jhm.12789. Epub 2022Feb 14. PMID: 35504528; PMCID: PMC9088329

  31. Proto MC, Fiore D, Piscopo C, Pagano C, Galgani M, BruzzanitiS, et al. Lipid homeostasis and mevalonate pathwayin COVID-19: Basic concepts and potential therapeutictargets. Prog Lipid Res [Internet]. 2021;82(101099):101099.Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782721000151




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com