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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2023, Number 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2023; 26 (1)

Role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a redox signaling molecule and in the diabetes mellitus-related oxidative stress

Ulloa M, Macías F, Martínez EG, Arnold E

Language: Spanish
References: 114
Page: 1-14
PDF size: 444.43 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Cellular metabolism is a constant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is particularly relevant, due to its role in cellular physiology. H2O2 can act as a classical intracellular signaling molecule in several processes like cell proliferation, hormone synthesis and secretion, immune cell regulation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. However, H2O2 overproduction and accumulation, derived from increased mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, glucose autoxidation, and increased polyol flux, contribute to an imbalance in the redox state of the cells. High concentration of H2O2 induces cellular dysfunction through oxidation of macromolecules like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. H2O2-induced oxidative damage can contribute to the development and progression of degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Indeed, chronic hyperglycemia has been shown to cause an increased H2O2 concentration and oxidative damage that contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes complications.


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