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2025, Number 1

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Acta Med 2025; 23 (1)

A new appraisal: type 3 diabetes, a narrative review

Córdova PVH, Zabaneh CV, Rodríguez WFL, Cabrera JR, González AR, Cantú GA, Gutiérrez BD, Aguilar DM

Language: Spanish
References: 62
Page: 52-58
PDF size: 191.55 Kb.


ABSTRACT

This review article explores the relationship between insulin resistance in the central nervous system (CNS) and its impact on neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Through an analysis of key molecular pathways involved, such as PI3K/Akt, AMPK, and JNK, the article describes how these metabolic alterations impair neuroplasticity and promote neuronal damage. It also addresses the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic proinflammatory states, which create oxidative stress environments that contribute to the buildup of toxic proteins, accelerating neurodegeneration. Additionally, the article examines emerging diagnostic methods including plasma and CSF biomarkers, qEEG, fMRI, and MRS, which allow early identification of connectivity alterations and metabolic changes in the brain. These methods provide early detection and intervention opportunities in initial stages, with significant clinical and preventive implications. Finally, lifestyle-based interventions and potential therapeutic approaches, such as intranasal insulin and inflammation modulators, are discussed to slow cognitive decline progression and improve the quality of life in high-risk patients.


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