2025, Number 1
Epidemiological study, main comorbidities and seropositivity in viral panel testing among corneal tissue donors at the Regional Hospital No. 1 of Querétaro, Mexican Institute of Social Security
Full text
10.35366/119980
Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 9-21
PDF size: 391.73 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: the demand for corneal tissue for transplantation in Mexico is a current and relevant issue, with the cornea ranking second among tissues required, and a waiting list of 3,431 patients nationwide. It is important to accurately determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of donors and thereby identify factors that directly and indirectly influence the quality of tissue for transplantation. This study aims to identify the specific characteristics of the donor population within this hospital unit. Objective: to describe and detail the epidemiological characteristics, seropositivity in viral panel testing and main comorbidities of corneal tissue donors at Regional General Hospital No. 1, Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro. Material and methods: an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study will be conducted, covering the period from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. A total of 185 corneal tissue donors with complete records were obtained for analysis. An Excel document was used for data collection, where variables of interest for the study were recorded. The SPSS program was used to analyze the variables. The results were analyzed independently using descriptive statistics in measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion and cross tables. Results: from the 185 donors recorded in the database, 85 corneal procurements were conducted in 2022 and 100 in 2023. Corneal donors ranged from 2 to 85 years old, with a mean age of 56.34 years. There were 109 male donors (58.9%) and 76 female donors (41.1%). Sixteen patients were excluded due to seropositivity in viral panel testing, representing 8.6% of the total donations. Of these, seven were excluded due to HIV positive results (3.8%), while no patients were excluded for positive results in viral panels for HBV or positive VDRL. Two patients were excluded for HCV positivity (1.1%). Seven patients were excluded due to positive nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 virus, totaling 3.8%. The most common cause of death among corneal donors was cardiogenic shock (18.4%), and the hospital area yielding the most donors was internal medicine (49.7%). Regarding comorbidities, 24.3% of the patients had no comorbidities. The majority of donations were obtained during the night shift. Corneal tissue donations were obtained from deceased donors due to brain death in 7.6% of cases, and the remaining 92.4% were from donors with cardiac arrest. Conclusions: the epidemiological profile that characterized corneal tissue donors at Regional General Hospital No. 1 in Querétaro included predominantly male donors with a mean age of 56.34 years without comorbidities. The most frequent cause of death was cardiogenic shock. Regarding seropositivity in tests conducted as part of the study protocol, a total of 16 patients were excluded, representing 8.6% of the total donations. This percentage is higher compared to studies conducted in other countries.REFERENCES
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