Villafaña-Guillén N, Rojas-Lemus M, González-Villalva A, López-Valdez N, Cervantes-Valencia N, Bizarro-Nevares P, Ustarroz-Cano M, Fortoul TI

Language: Spanish
References: 43
Page: 9-19
PDF size: 350.43 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The primary function of sugar is to provide the energy that the body needs for the proper functioning of its various organs. However, it is important to regulate sugar intake, as excessive consumption can have negative health consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends consuming less than 25 grams of sugar per day. Nevertheless, most of the Mexican population significantly exceeds this recommendation.
Sugar-sweetened beverages represent a major source of added sugars in our diet. For this reason, their health effects have been the subject of increasing research in recent years. These studies have shown that excessive consumption of such beverages is associated with various diseases and pathological conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Effects on specific organ systems have also been documented, including impacts on reproductive, bone, and mental health, among others.
This review describes some of these effects, although several remain under debate, particularly regarding the biological mechanisms involved in the observed associations. In any case, it is advisable for the population to avoid or reduce their consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Regular physical activity is also encouraged as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of disease and to promote overall health and quality of life.

REFERENCES

1. Malik VS, Hu FB. The role of sugar-sweetened beveragesin the global epidemics of obesity and chronic diseases. NatRev Endocrinol [Internet]. 21 de enero de 2022 [consultadoel 20 de septiembre de 2024];18(4):205-18. Disponibleen: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00627-6

2. Santos LP, Gigante DP, Delpino FM, Maciel AP, BielemannRM. Sugar sweetened beverages intake and risk ofobesity and cardiometabolic diseases in longitudinal studies:a systematic review and meta-analysis with 1.5 millionindividuals. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. Agosto de 2022[consultado el 29 de julio de 2024]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.021

3. Procuraduría Federal del Consumidor. Gobierno de México[Internet]. Consumo de refresco; 16 de marzo de 2023 [consultadoel 29 de julio de 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/profeco/documentos/consumo-de-refresco-a-proposito-del-dia-mundial-contra-la-obesidad?state=published

4. de la Cruz L, Garduño J. Bebidas azucaradas: la batallacontra el sobrepeso y la obesidad en México. Rev DigitUniv [Internet]. 12 de mayo de 2021 [consultado el 20de septiembre de 2024];22(3). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaieed.16076079e.2021.22.3.6

5. Secretaría de Salud. Gobierno de México [Internet]. Unfactor de riesgo de padecer obesidad son las bebidas azucaradas;8 de abril de 2017 [consultado el 30 de julio de2024]. Disponible en: https://tinyurl.com/22aguvdp

6. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Gobierno de México[Internet]. Bebidas azucaradas y muertes en México; 16 deagosto de 2020 [consultado el 29 de julio de 2024]. Disponibleen: https://www.insp.mx/avisos/bebidas-azucaradasy-muertes-en-mexico

7. PROFECO. Refrescos. Rev Del Consum [Internet]. 2023[consultado el 1 de agosto de 2024];555:8-48. Disponibleen: https://tinyurl.com/29wzc2tp

8. Ha DH, Nguyen H, Dao A, Golley RK, Thomson WM,Manton DJ, Leary S, Scott J, Spencer AJ, Do LG. Groupbasedtrajectories of maternal intake of sugar-sweetenedbeverage and offspring oral health from a prospective birthcohort study. J Dent [Internet]. Marzo de 2022 [consultadoel 29 de julio de 2024]:104113. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104113

9. Bernabé E, Vehkalahti MM, Sheiham A, Aromaa A, SuominenAL. Sugar-sweetened beverages and dental caries inadults: a 4-year prospective study. J Dent [Internet]. Agostode 2014 [consultado el 29 de julio 2024];42(8):952-8.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.04.011

10. Fan X, Monson KR, Peters BA, Whittington JM, Um CY,Oberstein PE, McCullough ML, Freedman ND, HuangWY, Ahn J, Hayes RB. Altered salivary microbiota associatedwith high-sugar beverage consumption. Sci Rep[Internet]. 11 de junio de 2024 [consultado el 29 de juliode 2024];14(1). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-64324-w

11. Arroyo-Quiroz C, Brunauer R, Alavez S. Sugar-Sweetenedbeverages and cancer risk: a narrative review. NutrCancer [Internet]. 2022 [consultado el 29 de julio de2024];74(9):3077-95. Disponible en: https://doi-org.pbidi.unam.mx:2443/10.1080/01635581.2022.2069827

12. Pereira MA. Sugar-Sweetened and artificially-sweetenedbeverages in relation to obesity risk. Adv Nutr [Internet].1 de noviembre de 2014 [consultado el 29 de juliode 2024];5(6):797-808. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.114.007062

13. Rodolfo Lahsen M. Sindrome metabólico y diabetes. RevMedica Clin Condes [Internet]. Enero de 2014 [consultadoel 29 de julio de 2024];25(1):47-52. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0716-8640(14)70010-0

14. Shin S, Kim SA, Ha J, Lim K. Sugar-Sweetened beverageconsumption in relation to obesity and metabolicsyndrome among korean adults: A cross-sectional studyfrom the 2012–2016 korean national health and nutritionexamination survey (KNHANES). Nutrients [Internet].9 de octubre de 2018 [consultado el 29 de julio de2024];10(10):1467. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101467

15. Liu Q, Ayoub‐Charette S, Khan TA, Au‐Yeung F, BlancoMejia S, de Souza RJ, Wolever TM, Leiter LA, KendallCW, Sievenpiper JL. Important food sources of fructosecontainingsugars and incident hypertension: a systematicreview and dose‐response meta‐analysis of prospective cohortstudies. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 17 de diciembrede 2019 [consultado el 29 de julio de 2024];8(24). Disponibleen: https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.118.010977

16. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Organización Mundialde la Salud [Internet]. Hipertensión; 16 de marzo de2023 [consultado el 27 de julio de 2024]. Disponible en:https://tinyurl.com/vbxouka

17. Te Morenga LA, Howatson AJ, Jones RM, Mann J. Dietarysugars and cardiometabolic risk: systematic reviewand meta-analyses of randomized controlled trialsof the effects on blood pressure and lipids. Am J ClinNutr [Internet]. 7 de mayo de 2014 [consultado el 29 dejulio de 2024];100(1):65-79. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.081521

18. Calcaterra V, Cena H, Magenes VC, Vincenti A, ComolaG, Beretta A, Di Napoli I, Zuccotti G. Sugar-Sweetenedbeverages and metabolic risk in children and adolescentswith obesity: a narrative review. Nutrients [Internet]. 30 deenero de 2023 [consultado el 29 de julio de 2024];15(3):702.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030702

19. Imamura F, O’Connor L, Ye Z, Mursu J, Hayashino Y,Bhupathiraju SN, Forouhi NG. Consumption of sugarsweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, andfruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematicreview, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributablefraction. BMJ [Internet]. 21 de julio de 2015[consultado el 29 de julio de 2024]:h3576. Disponible en:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3576

20. Soriano-Sánchez D, González- Villalva A, Rojas-LemusM, López- Valdez N, Cervantes-Valencia ME, Bizarro-Nevares P, Ustarroz- Cano M, Fortoul TI. Los corpúsculosgustativos y factores que afectan su función. Rev FacMedicina [Internet]. 10 de mayo de 2024 [consultado el30 de julio de 2024];67(3):41-51. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22201/fm.24484865e.2024.67.3.06

21. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Organización Mundialde la Salud [Internet]. Enfermedades cardiovasculares;11 de junio de 2021 [consultado el 27 de julio de 2024].Disponible en: https://tinyurl.com/y8wfund4

22. Yin J, Zhu Y, Malik V, Li X, Peng X, Zhang FF, Shan Z,Liu L. Intake of sugar-sweetened and low-calorie sweetenedbeverages and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Adv Nutr [Internet].22 de julio de 2020 [consultado el 30 de julio de 2024].Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa084

23. Castor LL, O’Hearn M, Cudhea F, Miller V, Shi P, ZhangJ, Sharib JR, Cash SB, Barquera S, Micha R, MozaffarianD. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease burdens attributableto sugar-sweetened beverages among adults in184 countries. Curr Dev Nutr [Internet]. Julio de 2024[consultado el 30 de julio de 2024];8:103510. Disponibleen: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103510

24. Keller A, O’Reilly EJ, Malik V, Buring JE, Andersen I, SteffenL, Robien K, Männistö S, Rimm EB, Willett W, HeitmannBL. Substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages forother beverages and the risk of developing coronary heartdisease: Results from the Harvard Pooling Project of Dietand Coronary Disease. Prev Med [Internet]. Febrero de2020 [consultado el 30 de julio de 2024];131:105970. Disponibleen: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105970

25. Chen H, Wang J, Li Z, Lam CW, Xiao Y, Wu Q, ZhangW. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has adose-dependent effect on the risk of non-alcoholic fattyliver disease: an updated systematic review and dose-responsemeta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health[Internet]. 21 de junio de 2019 [consultado el 30 de juliode 2024];16(12):2192. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122192

26. Zhao L, Zhang X, Coday M, Garcia DO, Li X, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Naughton MJ, Lopez-Pentecost M, SaquibN, Shadyab AH, Simon MS, Snetselaar LG, Tabung FK,Tobias DK, VoPham T, McGlynn KA, Sesso HD, GiovannucciE, Manson JE, Hu FB, Tinker LF, Zhang X.Sugar-Sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages andrisk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality.Jama [Internet]. 8 de agosto de 2023 [consultado el 30de julio de 2024];330(6):537. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.12618

27. Federación Nacional de Enfermos y Trasplantados Hepáticos[Internet]. Enfermedad hepática crónica; [consultadoel 27 de septiembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://fneth.org/enfermedad-hepatica-cronica-ehc/.

28. Yu CJ, Du JC, Chiou HC, Feng CC, Chung MY, Yang W,Chen YS, Chien LC, Hwang B, Chen ML. Sugar-Sweetenedbeverage consumption is adversely associated withchildhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Int JEnviron Res Public Health [Internet]. 4 de julio de 2016[consultado el 30 de julio de 2024];13(7):678. Disponibleen: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070678

29. Ra JS. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and fastfoods deteriorates adolescents’ mental health. Front Nutr[Internet]. 22 de diciembre de 2022 [consultado el 30 dejulio de 2024];9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1058190

30. Hu D, Cheng L, Jiang W. Sugar-sweetened beverages consumptionand the risk of depression: a meta-analysis ofobservational studies. J Affect Disord [Internet]. Febrerode 2019 [consultado el 30 de julio de 2024];245:348-55.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.015

31. Nassan FL, Priskorn L, Salas-Huetos A, HalldorssonTI, Jensen TK, Jørgensen N, Chavarro JE. Associationbetween intake of soft drinks and testicular function inyoung men. Hum Reprod [Internet]. Diciembre de 2021[consultado el 30 de julio de 2024];36(12):3036-48. Disponibleen: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab179

32. De Melo GB, Soares JF, Costa TC, Benevides RO, ValeCC, Paes AM, Gaspar RS. Early exposure to high-sucrosediet leads to deteriorated ovarian health. Front Endocrinol[Internet]. 19 de abril de 2021 [consultado el 30 dejulio de 2024];12. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.656831

33. Michel R, Hazimeh D, Saad EE, Olson SL, MusselmanK, Elgindy E, Borahay MA. Common beverage consumptionand benign gynecological conditions. Beverages [Internet].1 de mayo de 2024 [consultado el 30 de julio de2024];10(2):33. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages10020033

34. Ker CR, Yang HC, Wang SH, Chan TF. Assessing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in early pregnancyusing a substance abuse framework. Sci Rep [Internet]. 3 denoviembre de 2023 [consultado el 30 de julio de 2024];13(1).Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46265-y

35. Ker CR, Wu CH, Lee CH, Wang SH, Chan TF. Increasedsugar-sweetened beverage use tendency in pregnancy positivelyassociates with peripartum Edinburgh postpartumdepression scores. Sci Rep [Internet]. 28 de julio de 2021[consultado el 31 de julio de 2024];11(1). Disponible en:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94790-5

36. Cohen JF, Rifas-Shiman SL, Young J, Oken E. Associationsof prenatal and child sugar intake with child cognition.Am J Prev Med [Internet]. Junio de 2018 [consultadoel 31 de julio de 2024];54(6):727-35. Disponible en:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.020

37. Ahn H, Park YK. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumptionand bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutr J [Internet]. 5 de mayo de 2021 [consultadoel 31 de julio de 2024];20(1). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-021-00698-1

38. Chen L, Liu R, Zhao Y, Shi Z. High consumption of softdrinks is associated with an increased risk of fracture: a7-year follow-up study. Nutrients [Internet]. 19 de febrerode 2020 [consultado el 31 de julio de 2024];12(2):530.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020530

39. Estadísticas de defunciones registradas (edr) 2022 [Internet].[lugar desconocido: editorial desconocido]; 31 deoctubre de 2023 [consultado el 27 de julio de 2024]. 102p. 644/23. Disponible en: https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/saladeprensa/noticia.html?id=8548

40. Chazelas E, Srour B, Desmetz E, Kesse-Guyot E, JuliaC, Deschamps V, Druesne-Pecollo N, Galan P, HercbergS, Latino-Martel P, Deschasaux M, Touvier M. Sugarydrink consumption and risk of cancer: results from NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort. BMJ [Internet]. 10 dejulio de 2019 [consultado el 31 de julio de 2024]:l2408.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l2408

41. Llaha F, Gil-Lespinard M, Unal P, de Villasante I, CastañedaJ, Zamora-Ros R. Consumption of sweet beverages andcancer risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observationalstudies. Nutrients [Internet]. 4 de febrero de2021 [consultado el 31 de julio de 2024];13(2):516. Disponibleen: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020516

42. Ma X, Nan F, Liang H, Shu P, Fan X, Song X, Hou Y,Zhang D. Excessive intake of sugar: an accomplice of inflammation.Front Immunol [Internet]. 31 de agosto de2022 [consultado el 31 de julio de 2024];13. Disponibleen: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.988481

43. Eshaghian N, Zare MJ, Mohammadian MK, GozidehkarZ, Ahansaz A, Askari G, Asadi M, Milajerdi A, SadeghiO. Sugar sweetened beverages, natural fruit juices, andcancer: what we know and what still needs to be assessed.Front Nutr [Internet]. 21 de diciembre de 2023 [consultadoel 31 de julio de 2024];10. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1301335