2025, Number 1
Effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine
Mejía-Ramírez S, Ramos-Cortés S, Palencia-Rodríguez BY, Torre-Orozco JJ, Olvera-García DG, Yáñez-Ortega R, Villa-Manzano AI, Robles-Cruz JA
Full text
10.35366/121771
Language: Spanish
References: 11
Page: 7-12
PDF size: 422.61 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines has not been sufficiently studied; their implementation was necessary without having all the corresponding studies due to the health emergency represented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is necessary to reevaluate. This article aims to analyze the factors associated with the COVID-19 vaccine. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. Material and methods: a cohort study was conducted, with unvaccinated patients as the exposed group and vaccinated patients as the unexposed group, with a two-year follow-up to document COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, deaths, long COVID, and oxygen therapy as vaccine effectiveness variables. Descriptive analysis used frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential analysis employed the χ2 test and Student's t-test. Incidence, relative risk, and absolute risk of the events of interest were calculated. The software used was SPSS version 21. Results: a total of 6,344 patients were evaluated, of whom 4,238 were exposed (unvaccinated) and 2,106 were unexposed (vaccinated), with the following incidences found: infection 59.2 vs. 71.8% (p = 0), hospitalization 1.3 vs. 0.5% (p = 0.001), and mortality 1.01 vs. 0.37% (p = 0.002) with a decrease in excess mortality of 0.64% between unvaccinated and vaccinated patients. The absolute risk increase was cardiovascular risk 0.18% (p = 0.001) in the vaccinated, the probability of long COVID was 48 vs. 49% (p = 0.56), the risk of using oxygen therapy after infection 0.74 vs. 0.12% (p = 0.007), with a decrease of 0.62%. Conclusion: vaccine effectiveness is borderline; subgroup analysis of risk is necessary to determine the population eligible for vaccination.REFERENCES
La OMS publica su primera validación para uso en emergencias de una vacuna contra la COVID-19 y hace hincapié en la necesidad de un acceso mundial equitativo. Who.int. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/31-12-2020-who-issues-its-first-emergency-use-validation-for-a-covid-19-vaccine-and-emphasizes-need-for-equitable-global-access