Ferreyra-Reyes L, Mongua-Rodríguez N, Ferreira-Guerrero E, Delgado-Sánchez G, Martínez-Hernández M, Canizales-Quintero S, Téllez-Vázquez NA, García-García L

Language: Spanish
References: 28
Page: 132-146
PDF size: 643.13 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective.To analyze trends in the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among children under five years of age in Mexico from 2006 to the period 2021-2024; for 2021-2024, to estimate the distribution by region and state, describe sociodemographic and episode characteristics, and identify factors associated with ARI by level of urbanicity. Materials and methods. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut) 2006, 2012, 2018, and Ensanut Continuous 2021-2024. For 2021-2024, the analysis included n= 8 100 observations representing N=10 115 501 children. Weighted prevalences were estimated, and crude and adjusted logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with ARI. Results. National ARI prevalence declined from 48.1% (2006) to 20.4% (2021-2024; p-trend <0.001). In 2021-2024, a gradient by urbanicity was observed: metropolitan 18.7%, urban 20.5%, and rural 22.9%. The highest regional prevalences occurred in the Peninsula (29.8%) and South-Pacific (23.3%) regions. Higher odds of ARI were associated with lower household well-being, residence in specific regions, and-within rural areas-lower maternal schooling. Conclusion. Despite a marked reduction in ARI prevalence, disparities by urbanicity (higher in less urbanized settings) and by regional and socioeconomic conditions persisted in 2021-2024. Differentiated, place-based interventions and equitable access to healthcare are needed, addressing the social determinants underpinning these gaps.

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