Rodríguez-Castañeda GA

Language: Spanish
References: 18
Page: 210-216
PDF size: 1411.36 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Post-burn scalp alopecia, particularly in deep partial-thickness injuries that partially damage hair follicles, represents a complex reconstructive challenge with limited therapeutic options. The purpose of this study was to review preclinical evidence on the mechanisms of action of topical glutamic acid on the skin and to critically analyze its potential translation as an adjuvant therapy for follicular regeneration in burn patients. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases (2015-2024), with the terms: "glutamic acid", "hair growth", "burn alopecia", "keratinocyte", "NMDA receptor", "wound healing" and "skin regeneration". Articles in english and spanish addressing mechanistic or preclinical aspects were included. Glutamic acid, the main excitatory neurotransmitter, exerts pleiotropic effects in the skin through NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors located in keratinocytes and hair follicle cells. Preclinical evidence shows that topical application (1-10% concentrations) promotes keratinocyte proliferation and viability, inhibits apoptosis (modulating Bcl-2 and Bax), induces angiogenesis through HIF-1α/VEGF regulation, and activates key signaling pathways such as AKT and CaMKII. In murine models, these mechanisms translate into significant acceleration of hair growth and increased dermal vascularization after 14 days of treatment. Topical glutamic acid emerges as a promising, low-cost and easily applicable candidate for stimulating follicular regeneration in deep partial-thickness post-burn alopecia. Its multisystem mechanisms of action support further evaluation in controlled clinical studies to define its efficacy, safety and optimal use protocols within comprehensive reconstructive strategies in plastic surgery.

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