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2026, Number 1

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2026; 46 (1)

Decrease of Candida albicans as a causal agent of candidosis, the case of Mexico 2011-2023

García-Valdez SL, Bonifaz A, Vergara-Ortega DN, García-Cisneros S, Herrera-Ortiz A, Olamendi-Portugal M, Medina-García CV, Sánchez-Alemán MÁ

Language: Spanish
References: 23
Page: 21-27
PDF size: 644.94 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background. Candida species are part of the human body’s microbiota, but they can be opportunistic pathogens causing mucocutaneous, cutaneous, or invasive candidiasis. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of causative agents of candidiasis in Mexico and to evaluate variations across time periods, populations, and sample types.
Material and methods. A systematic review was carried out in public databases during the period 2011-2023. The meta-analysis was performed using forest plot diagrams, the prevalence of each Candida species was estimated with 95% confidence intervals using the Paule-Mandel model.
Results. From 59 articles, 72 populations were detected, with a total of 5422 strains. C. albicans was found in 46.8% of invasive candidiasis, decreasing during the analyzed period from 58.6 to 36.2% (p = 0.002) and increasing in non-albicans species (C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and N. glabratus, formerly C. glabrata). In oral mucosa, the frequency of C. albicans was 52.3% in the general population and 72.4% in hospitalized patients, N. glabratus was found in 16.9% of candidiasis in people with diabetes or disease and 5.6% in hospitalized patients (p = 0.014). The prevalence of C. albicans in nails was 35% and 30.1% for C. parapsilosis; N. glabratus was present in 24.3% in urine and 35.9% in vaginal exudate.
Conclusions. C. albicans continues to be the slightly predominant species in the Mexican population, however, species such as N. glabratus, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis are increasing, due to the frequency of antifungal-resistant strains in some species, it is necessary to promote their identification routinely.


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