medigraphic.com
Órgano oficial de la Sociedad Mexicana de Cirugía Dermatológica y Oncológica, AC

2026, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Dermatología Cosmética, Médica y Quirúrgica 2026; 24 (2)

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: clinical and therapeutic update

Lazcano-Prieto, Bonfilio-Roberto; Rodríguez-Téllez, Andrea-Alejandra; Ocampo-Candiani, Jorge

Language: Spanish
References: 44
Page: 242-251
PDF size: 307.05 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a keratinocytederived neoplasm with a rising global incidence. Management has evolved significantly through the integration of immunotherapy, molecular risk stratification, and novel prevention strategies. Consequently, an updated, comprehensive approach is vital to improving prognosis, particularly in high-risk or recurrent cases. Recent evidence from original research, systematic reviews, and international guidelines has elucidated complex environmental, genetic, and immunologic risk factors. Furthermore, advancements in diagnostic techniques, Mohs micrographic surgery, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have optimized clinical outcomes. This review emphasizes that standardized management is crucial for facilitating early diagnosis, accurate risk assessment, and timely intervention in patients with aggressive disease.


REFERENCES

  1. Jiang R, Fritz M, Que SKT. Cutaneous Squamous CellCarcinoma: An Updated Review. Cancers. 2024;16(10):1800.

  2. Corchado-Cobos R, García-Sancha N, González-Sarmiento R,Pérez-Losada J, Cañueto J. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma:From Biology to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(8):2956.

  3. Brown VL, Harwood CA, Crook T, Cronin JG, Kelsell DP,Proby CM. p16INK4a and p14ARF Tumor Suppressor GenesAre Commonly Inactivated in Cutaneous Squamous CellCarcinoma. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122(5):1284–92.

  4. Muzic JG, Schmitt AR, Wright AC, Alniemi DT, Zubair AS,Olazagasti Lourido JM, et al. Incidence and Trends of Basal CellCarcinoma and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. MayoClin Proc. 2017;92(6):890–8.

  5. Que SKT, Zwald FO, Schmults CD. Cutaneous squamous cellcarcinoma: Incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and staging. J AmAcad Dermatol. 2018;78(2):237–47.

  6. Karia PS, Han J, Schmults CD. Cutaneous squamous cellcarcinoma: Estimated incidence of disease, nodal metastasis,and deaths from disease in the United States, 2012. J Am AcadDermatol. 2013;68(6):957–66.

  7. Boyers LN, Karimkhani C, Naghavi M, Sherwood D, Margolis DJ,Hay RJ, et al. Global mortality from conditions with skinmanifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(6):1137-1143.e17.

  8. Eisemann N, Jansen L, Castro FA, Chen T, Eberle A, NenneckeA, et al. Survival with nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany. BrJ Dermatol. 2016;174(4):778–85.

  9. Gordon R. Skin Cancer: An Overview of Epidemiology and RiskFactors. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2013;29(3):160–9.

  10. Boeckmann L, Martens MC, Emmert S. Molecular Biologyof Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas. En: Reichrath J,editor. Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer. Cham: SpringerInternational Publishing; 2020. p. 171–91.

  11. Rosso S, Zanetti R, Martinez C, Tormo M, Schraub S,Sancho-Garnier H, et al. The multicentre south European study“Helios”. II: Different sun exposure patterns in the aetiologyof basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. Br JCancer. 1996;73(11):1447-54.

  12. Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. Photoageing: mechanism, prevention andtherapy. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(5):874-87.

  13. Bosch R, Philips N, Suárez-Pérez J, Juarranz A, DevmurariA, Chalensouk-Khaosaat J, et al. Mechanisms of Photoagingand Cutaneous Photocarcinogenesis, and PhotoprotectiveStrategies with Phytochemicals. Antioxidants. 2015;4(2):248-68.

  14. Huang HW, Lee CH, Yu HS. Arsenic-Induced Carcinogenesisand Immune Dysregulation. Int J Environ Res Public Health.2019;16(15):2746.

  15. Hussain SK, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. The Effect of Having anAffected Parent or Sibling on Invasive and In Situ Skin CancerRisk in Sweden. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(9):2142-7.

  16. Kraemer KH, Tamura D, Khan SG, DiGiovanna JJ. Burning issuesin the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum. Br J Dermatol.2013;169(6):1176-1176.

  17. Kraemer KH, DiGiovanna JJ. Forty Years of Research onXeroderma Pigmentosum at the US National Institutes ofHealth. Photochem Photobiol. 2015;91(2):452-9.

  18. Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, Li KP, Suchindran C.Epidermolysis bullosa and the risk of life-threatening cancers:The National EB Registry experience, 1986-2006. J Am AcadDermatol. 2009;60(2):203-11.

  19. Kiprono SK, Chaula BM, Beltraminelli H. Histological review ofskin cancers in African Albinos: a 10-year retrospective review.BMC Cancer. 2014;14(1):157.

  20. De Oliveira W, Festa Neto C, Rady P, Tyring S. Clinical aspectsof epidermodysplasia verruciformis. J Eur Acad DermatolVenereol. 2003;17(4):394-8.

  21. Naldi L, Venturuzzo A, Invernizzi P. Dermatological ComplicationsAfter Solid Organ Transplantation. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol.2018;54(1):185–212.

  22. Howard MD, Su JC, Chong AH. Skin Cancer Following SolidOrgan Transplantation: A Review of Risk Factors and Models ofCare. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(4):585–97.

  23. Kanitakis J, Karayannopoulou G, Roux A, Euvrard S.Histopathologic features predictive of aggressiveness ofpost-transplant cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas.Anticancer Res. 2015;35(4):2305–8.

  24. Ferreira FR, Ogawa MM, Nascimento LFC, Tomimori J. Riskfactors for nonmelanoma skin cancer in renal transplantrecipients: a case–control study from a reference outpatientclinic in Southeast Brazil. Int J Dermatol. 2017;56(2):154–60.

  25. Ramsay HM, Fryer AA, Reece S, Smith AG, Harden PN. Clinicalrisk factors associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer in renaltransplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36(1):167–76.

  26. Jellouli-Elloumi A, Kochbati L, Dhraief S, Ben Romdhane K,Maalej M. [Cancers arising from burn scars: 62 cases]. AnnDermatol Venereol. 2003;130(4):413–6.

  27. Leonardi-Bee J, Ellison T, Bath-Hextall F. Smoking and theRisk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review andMeta-analysis. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148(8).

  28. Bernard HU, Burk RD, Chen Z, Van Doorslaer K, Hausen HZ,De Villiers EM. Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) basedon 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments.Virology. 2010;401(1):70–9.

  29. Wang J, Aldabagh B, Yu J, Arron ST. Role of human papillomavirusin cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis. J AmAcad Dermatol. 2014;70(4):621–9.

  30. Chahoud J, Semaan A, Chen Y, Cao M, Rieber AG, Rady P,et al. Association Between β-Genus Human Papillomavirus andCutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in ImmunocompetentIndividuals—A Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol.2016;152(12):1354.

  31. Corchado-Cobos R, García-Sancha N, González-Sarmiento R,Pérez-Losada J, Cañueto J. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma:From Biology to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(8):2956.

  32. Di Nardo L, Pellegrini C, Di Stefani A, Del Regno L, Sollena P,Piccerillo A, et al. Molecular genetics of cutaneous squamouscell carcinoma: perspective for treatment strategies. J Eur AcadDermatol Venereol. 2020;34(5):932–41.

  33. Fania L, Didona D, Di Pietro FR, Verkhovskaia S, Morese R,Paolino G, et al. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma:From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches.Biomedicines. 2021;9(2):171.

  34. D’Arcangelo D, Tinaburri L, Dellambra E. The Role of p16INK4aPathway in Human Epidermal Stem Cell Self-Renewal, Agingand Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(7):1591.

  35. Stransky N, Egloff AM, Tward AD, Kostic AD, Cibulskis K,Sivachenko A, et al. The Mutational Landscape of Head and NeckSquamous Cell Carcinoma. Science. 2011;333(6046):1157–60.

  36. Salasche SJ. Epidemiology of actinic keratoses and squamouscell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42(1):S4–7.

  37. Criscione VD, Weinstock MA, Naylor MF, Luque C, Eide MJ,Bingham SF, et al. Actinic keratoses: Natural history and risk ofmalignant transformation in the Veterans Affairs Topical TretinoinChemoprevention Trial. Cancer. 2009;115(11):2523–30.

  38. Morton CA, Birnie AJ, Eedy DJ, Hughes JR, Sahota A,McDonagh AJ, et al. British Association of Dermatologists’guidelines for the management of squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen’s disease) 2014. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(2):245–60.

  39. Mohandas P, Lowden M, Varma S. Bowen’s disease. BMJ.2020;m813.

  40. Eimpunth S, Goldenberg A, Hamman MS, Oganesyan G, LeeRA, Hunnangkul S, et al. Squamous Cell Carcinoma In SituUpstaged to Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A 5-Year,Single Institution Retrospective Review. Dermatol Surg.2017;43(5):698–703.

  41. Comune R, Ruggiero A, Portarapillo A, Villani A, Megna M,Tamburrini S, et al. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: FromDiagnosis to Follow-Up. Cancers. 2024;16(17):2960.

  42. Yanofsky VR, Mercer SE, Phelps RG. Histopathological Variantsof Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. J SkinCancer. 2011;2011:1–13.

  43. Skulsky SL, O’Sullivan B, McArdle O, Leader M, Roche M,Conlon PJ, et al. Review of high-risk features of cutaneoussquamous cell carcinoma and discrepancies between theAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer and NCCN ClinicalPractice Guidelines In Oncology. Head Neck. 2017;39(3):578–94.

  44. Chang MS, Azin M, Demehri S. Cutaneous Squamous CellCarcinoma: The Frontier of Cancer Immunoprevention. AnnuRev Pathol. 2022;17:101–19.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com