2007, Number 4
<< Back Next >>
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2007; 64 (4)
Self-esteem and control locus in child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Garza-Morales S, Núñez-Villaseñor PS, Vladimirsky-Guiloff A
Language: Spanish
References: 23
Page: 231-239
PDF size: 163.49 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent neuropsychiatric disorder, which affects 5-9% of children. Control locus is a cerebral function involving the control of perception we have on our actions and its causality, and can influence the use of learning abilities and self-control. On the other hand, self-esteem represents the affective evaluation on our self-concept. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to describe the characteristics of control locus and self-esteem in children with ADHD, and to compare them with those found in a control group selected by age and sex.
Methods. Thirty children (6-13 years old) diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated (neurological exam, psychological test, Conners scales and DSM-IV criteria). They all belonged to a high social-economical status and attended private schools located in the west side of Mexico City.
Results. The Conners scales were not able to identify significant differences between cases and controls on anxiety, psychosomatic and perfectionism sub-scales; whereas the sub-scales related directly with ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity, impulsiveness and lack of attention) coincided directly with the clinical diagnosis in every case.
Conclusions. There was a significantly positive relationship between the external locus control and ADHD. This may represent a lack of perception on the causality of their actions. The general scales of self-esteem were not able to distinguish between the cases and control groups, although significant lower self-concept grades were found in the ADHD group.
REFERENCES
Garza-Morales S, Barragán-Pérez E. Dificultades comunes en el tratamiento integral en el niño con problemas de atención y aprendizaje en México. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2006; 63: 146-54.
Elia J, Ambrosini PJ, Rapoport JL. Treatment of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 780-8.
Ruíz-García M, Garza-Morales S, Sánchez-Guerrero O, Loredo-Abdalá A. Conclusiones del consenso de expertos sobre el tratamiento farmacológico del trastorno por déficit de la atención con o sin hiperactividad. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2003; 60: 349-55.
Ruiz-García M, Gutiérrez-Moctezuma J, Garza-Morales S, Peña-Olvera F. Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Actualidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2005; 62: 145-52.
Barragán E. El niño y el adolescente con trastorno por déficit de atención, su mundo y sus soluciones. 2da. ed. México: Editorial Altius; 2003.
Faraone SV, Biederman J, Monuteaux MC. Toward guidelines for pedigree selection in genetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Genet Epidemiol. 2000; 18: 1-16.
Tamayo A. Locus de control: diferencias por sexo y por edad. Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Latina. 1993; 39: 301-8.
Miras M. Afectos, emociones, atribuciones y expectativas: el sentido del aprendizaje escolar. En: Coll C, Palacios J, Marchesi A, editores. Desarrollo psicológico y educación 2. Psicología de la educación escolar. España: Alianza Editorial; 2002. p. 309-25.
Rucklidge JJ. Psychiatric, psychosocial, and cognitive functioning of female adolescents with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001; 40: 530-40.
Bussing R, Zima BT, Perwien AR. Self-esteem in special education children with ADHD: Relationship to disorder characteristics and medication use. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000; 39: 1260-9.
Wolf TM, Sklov MC, Hunter SM, Berenson GS. Factor analytic study of the Children’s Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale. Educ Psychol Meas. 1982; 42: 333-7.
Díaz-Loving R, Andrade-Palos P. Una escala de locus de control para niños mexicanos [A locus of control scale for Mexican children]. R Interam Psicol. 1984; 18: 21-33.
Coopersmith S. SEI: Self-esteem Inventories. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1981.
Verduzco A, Lara-Cantú A, Acevedo MC, Cortés J. Validación del Inventario de Autoestima de Coopersmith para niños Mexicanos. Rev Intercontin Psicol Edu. 1994; 7: 55-64.
López-Ibor AJJ, Valdés MM, Pichot P. Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. DSM-IV. España: Masson; 1995.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2000; 105: 1158-70.
Lara M, de la Peña O, Castro A, Puente A. Consistencia y validez de las subescalas del cuestionario de Conners para la evaluación de psicopatología en niños. Versión larga para padres. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 1998; 55: 712-20.
Abikoff HB, Jensen PS, Arnold ll, Hoza B, Hechtman l, Pollack S, et al. Observed classroom behaviors of children with ADHD: relationship to gender and comorbidity. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2002; 30: 349-59.
Newcorn JH, Halperin JM, Jensen PS, Abikoff HB, Arnold LE, Cantwell DP, et al. Symptom profiles in children with ADHD: effects of co morbidity and gender. J Am Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001; 40: 137-46.
Bellgrove MA, Hawi Z, Kirley A, Fitzgerald M, Gill M, Robertson IH. Association between dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype, left-sided inattention, and an enhanced response to methylphenidate in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005; 30: 2290-7.
Bush G, Valera EM, Seidman LJ. Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions. Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 57: 1273-84.
Brown T. Attention deficit disorder. The Unfocused mind in children and adults. USA: Yale University Press, Health and wellness; 2005.
Verduzco MA, Lara-Cantú A. Self-esteem in children with attention disorders. Salud Publica Mex. 1989; 31: 779-87.