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Órgano Oficial de la Asociación Dental Mexicana

2012, Number 1

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Rev ADM 2012; 69 (1)

Periodontal status and hygiene and dietary habits in patients with fixed dental appliances at two stages of orthodontic treatment

Padilla DM,Visoso SA,Montiel BNM,KuboderaItoT

Language: Spanish
References: 64
Page: 15-21
PDF size: 153.22 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the periodontal status of patients with fixed appliances treated at the Clinic of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Mexico State, at two distinct stages of orthodontic treatment: Stage 1, at the commencement of treatment, and Stage 2, six months later, as well as the dietary and hygiene habits present in both.
Method: 1) The periodontal status of 70 patients was assessed—first at Stage 1, the commencement of treatment, and then at Stage 2, after six months of treatment—using four tests: the periodontal index, the gingival index, the O’Leary plaque index, and the salivary occult blood test (Salivaster). 2) A questionnaire on hygiene and dietary habits was applied at both stages of the study. A statistical analysis of the data gathered was performed using Stata (v.10.0) software, which consisted of the following three phases: a) Descriptive statistics, b) An ANOVA test at the various stages of the study, and c) A paired t-test to analyze dietary and hygiene habits.
Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the two stages of the study in terms of periodontal status, i.e. between the commencement of treatment and six months later, in the variables salivary occult blood (p=0.00) and gingival status (p=0.00). Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between the two stages of the study in hygiene and dietary habits: number of times teeth brushed per day (p=0.00), brushing time (p=0.04), number of sugary foods consumed (p=0.00), number of dental aids (p=0.03), and gingival bleeding time (p=0.02).
Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment modifies oral conditions due to the presence of fixed appliances, which result in significant changes in dietary habits and hygiene, and hence alterations in the periodontium. Therefore, ongoing investigation and monitoring clearly needs to be carried out during treatment, and emphasis be placed on health education and promotion in patients receiving this kind of treatment.


REFERENCES

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  2. 2.-Ramfjord SP. Changing concepts in periodontics.J Prosthetic Dent 1984;52:781-6.

  3. 3.-Onyeaso CO, Arowojolu MO, Taiwo JO. Periodontal status of orthodontic patients and the relationship between dental aesthetic index and community periodontal index of treatment need. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124 (6):714-20.

  4. 4.- Boyd RL, Baumrind S. Periodontal considerations in the use of bonds or bands on molars in adolescents and adults. Angle Orthod 1992;62(2):117-26.

  5. 5.- Glans R, Larsson E, Orgaard B. Longitudinal changes in gingival condition in crowded and nanocrowded dentitions subjected to fixed orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124(6):679-82.

  6. 6.- Steinhardt J. The periodontal findings during orthodontic treatment. Fortschr Kieferorthop 1989;50(6):540-50.

  7. 7.- Yu H, Fei Y. Study of the relationship between fixed orthodontic and gingivitis. Shanghai Journal of Stomatology 2001;10(3):221-22.

  8. 8.-Davides TM, Shaw WC, Worthington HV, Addy M, Dummer P, Kingdon A.The effect of orthodontic treatment on plaque and gingivitis.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99(2):155-61.

  9. 9.- Zhang XY, Liu DX, Gao X, Wang XY, Xi R. Periodontal status of mandibular incisors after pronounced orthodontic advancement during adolescence. Shanghai Journal of Stomatology 2002;11(4):297-9.

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  11. 11.- Wennstrom JL, Stoklan BL, Nyman S, Thilander B. Periodontal tissue response to orthodontic movement of teeth with infrabony pockets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103(4):313-9.

  12. 12.- Folio J, Rams TE, Keyes PH. Orthodontic therapy in patients with juvenile periodontitis: clinical microbiologic effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1985;87(5):421-31.

  13. 13.- Boyd RL, Muray P, Robertson PB. Effect of rotary electric toothbrush versus manual toothbrush on periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96:342-7.

  14. 14.- Lees A, Rock WP. A comparison between written, verbal and videotape oral hygiene instruction for patients with fixed appliances. J Orthod 2000;27(4):323-8.

  15. 15.-Montiel NM. A study on changes in some oral enviromental factors caused by orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Mekai University, Japan; 2005.

  16. 16.- Esquivel G. Efecto en el medio ambiente bucal de las etapas iniciales del tratamiento de ortodoncia en pacientes con dentición permanentes. Tesis de posgrado. UAEMex; 2005.

  17. 17.-Laskaris G, Scully C. Periodontal manifestations of local and systemic diseases.1ª ed. Springer, Berlin; 2003 p.3-33.

  18. 18.- Martínez M. Un planteamiento práctico de la bioestadística. 1ª ed. España: Newbook; 2000 p. 255-57.

  19. 19.-Carvalho S, Cauduro C, Leal S, Kuchenbecker C, Opperman V. Periodontal conditions in subjects following orthodontic therapy: a preliminary study. Eur J Orthod 2007;29(1):477-81.

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  21. 21.- Norma Oficial Mexicana. Para la prevención y control de enfermedades. NOM-013-SSA-2006.

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  24. 24.- Rubio CJ, Robledo DT, Llodra CJ, Salazar FS, Artazcoz OJ, González AV. et. al. Criterios mínimos de los estudios epidemiológicos de salud dental en escolares. Rev Esp Salud Pública 1997;71(3):231-42.

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  31. 31.- Chang HS, Walsh LJ, Freer TJ. Effect of orthodontic treatment on salivary flow, pH, buffer capacity, and levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Aust J Orthod 1999;15:229-34.

  32. 32.- Polson AM, Subtelny JD, Meitner SW, Polson AP, Sommers EW, Iker HP, et. al. Long Periodontal status after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;93(1):51-8.

  33. Espejel M, Martínez I, Delgado J, Guzmán C, Montez M. Gingivitis. Rev ADM 2002;59(6):216-19.

  34. Ramfjord SP. Changing concepts in periodontics.J Prosthetic Dent 1984;52:781-6.

  35. Onyeaso CO, Arowojolu MO, Taiwo JO. Periodontal status of orthodontic patients and the relationship between dental aesthetic index and community periodontal index of treatment need. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124 (6):714-20.

  36. Boyd RL, Baumrind S. Periodontal considerations in the use of bonds or bands on molars in adolescents and adults. Angle Orthod 1992;62(2):117-26.

  37. Glans R, Larsson E, Orgaard B. Longitudinal changes in gingival condition in crowded and nanocrowded dentitions subjected to fixed orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124(6):679-82.

  38. Steinhardt J. The periodontal findings during orthodontic treatment. Fortschr Kieferorthop 1989;50(6):540-50.

  39. Yu H, Fei Y. Study of the relationship between fixed orthodontic and gingivitis. Shanghai Journal of Stomatology 2001;10(3):221-22.

  40. Davides TM, Shaw WC, Worthington HV, Addy M, Dummer P, Kingdon A.The effect of orthodontic treatment on plaque and gingivitis.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99(2):155-61.

  41. Zhang XY, Liu DX, Gao X, Wang XY, Xi R. Periodontal status of mandibular incisors after pronounced orthodontic advancement during adolescence. Shanghai Journal of Stomatology 2002;11(4):297-9.

  42. Busschop JL, Van Vlierberghe M, De Boever J, Dermaut L. The width of attached gingiva during orthodontic treatment: a clinical study in human patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1985;87(3):224-9.

  43. Wennstrom JL, Stoklan BL, Nyman S, Thilander B. Periodontal tissue response to orthodontic movement of teeth with infrabony pockets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103(4):313-9.

  44. Folio J, Rams TE, Keyes PH. Orthodontic therapy in patients with juvenile periodontitis: clinical microbiologic effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1985;87(5):421-31.

  45. Boyd RL, Muray P, Robertson PB. Effect of rotary electric toothbrush versus manual toothbrush on periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96:342-7.

  46. Lees A, Rock WP. A comparison between written, verbal and videotape oral hygiene instruction for patients with fixed appliances. J Orthod 2000;27(4):323-8.

  47. Montiel NM. A study on changes in some oral enviromental factors caused by orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Mekai University, Japan; 2005.

  48. Esquivel G. Efecto en el medio ambiente bucal de las etapas iniciales del tratamiento de ortodoncia en pacientes con dentición permanentes. Tesis de posgrado. UAEMex; 2005.

  49. Laskaris G, Scully C. Periodontal manifestations of local and systemic diseases.1ª ed. Springer, Berlin; 2003 p.3-33.

  50. Martínez M. Un planteamiento práctico de la bioestadística. 1ª ed. España: Newbook; 2000 p. 255-57.

  51. Carvalho S, Cauduro C, Leal S, Kuchenbecker C, Opperman V. Periodontal conditions in subjects following orthodontic therapy: a preliminary study. Eur J Orthod 2007;29(1):477-81.

  52. Sadowsky S, BeGole E. Long-term effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health. Am J Orthod 1981;80(2):156-70.

  53. Norma Oficial Mexicana. Para la prevención y control de enfermedades. NOM-013-SSA-2006.

  54. Larry M. Salivaster: test strip for evaluation of occult blood levels in saliva: Showa YakuhinKako; 2000.

  55. Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967;38(6):610-6.

  56. Rubio CJ, Robledo DT, Llodra CJ, Salazar FS, Artazcoz OJ, González AV. et. al. Criterios mínimos de los estudios epidemiológicos de salud dental en escolares. Rev Esp Salud Pública 1997;71(3):231-42.

  57. Kats, McDonald, Sookey. Odontología preventiva en acción. 3ª ed. México: Panamericana; 2000 p.129-36.

  58. Harris ON, García GF. Odontología preventiva primaria. 1ª ed. México: Manual Moderno; 2000 p. 257-75.

  59. Heintze SD, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Finke C, Miethke RR. Oral health for the orthodontic patient. Hong Kong: Quintessence; 1999.

  60. Carranza, Newman, Takei. Periodontología clínica.9ª ed. México: E. Mc-Graw Hill; 2004 p.76-90.

  61. Hickman J, Millett DT, Sander L, Brown E, Love J. Powered Vs. manual tooth brushing in fixed appliance patients: a shortterm randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod 2002;72:135-40.

  62. Padilla M. Evaluación del estado periodontal de pacientes con dentición permanente en etapas iniciales del tratamiento ortodóntico, que acuden a la clínica de ortodoncia del CIEAO de la Facultad de Odontología de la UAEM. Estado de México; 2007. p.73.

  63. Chang HS, Walsh LJ, Freer TJ. Effect of orthodontic treatment on salivary flow, pH, buffer capacity, and levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Aust J Orthod 1999;15:229-34.

  64. Polson AM, Subtelny JD, Meitner SW, Polson AP, Sommers EW, Iker HP, et. al. Long Periodontal status after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;93(1):51-8.




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