medigraphic.com
ISSN 2007-6800 (Print)

2012, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Traspl 2012; 1 (1)

Anemia in kidney transplant recipients

Baizabal-Olarte R, Morales-Buenrostro LE

Language: Spanish
References: 64
Page: 29-37
PDF size: 190.45 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Anemia after kidney transplant (AAKT) is a highly prevalent and undertreated condition. Its etiology is multifactorial and may appear early in the first six months after transplantation (includes factors such as blood loss related to surgery, delayed graft function, iron deficiency, infection, rejection, etc.) or associated belatedly with the loss of renal function and other factors. Recognition of AAKT requires regular and comprehensive scrutiny and careful evaluation of the many factors that can contribute to it. It is still unclear whether the AAKT adversely affects cardiovascular risk, the renal survival or increase the risk of death in renal transplant recipients. Several studies have shown that the erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) are effective in increasing hemoglobin levels even during the early post-transplant period, however, is not yet strong evidence regarding cardiovascular outcomes, renal and patients survival. With the available evidence, we can conclude that the management of AAKT should be conservative and probably the use of ESAs should be limited to patients with hemoglobin levels ‹ 10 g/dL or in people developing symptoms of anemia.


REFERENCES

  1. Vanrenterghem Y. Anaemia after renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: 54-58.

  2. Winkelmayer WC, Chandraker A. Postransplantation anemia: management and rationale. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3: 49-55.

  3. López-Oliva MO, Del Castillo-Caba D, Fernández-Fresnedo G. Guías SEN. Manejo de la anemia en la enfermedad renal crónica del paciente trasplantado renal. Nefrología 2009; 29: 25-30.

  4. Galutira PJ, Del Río M. Understanding renal postransplantation anemia in the pediatric population. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27: 1079-1085.

  5. Yabu JM, Winkelmayer WC. Postransplantation anemia: mechanisms and management. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6: 1794-1801.

  6. Kasiske BL, Vázquez MA, Harmon WE et al. American Society of Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: 1-86.

  7. NKF-K/DOQI. Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: 2007 Update of Hemoglobin Target. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 50: 471-530.

  8. Vanrenterghem Y, Ponticelli C, Morales JM et al. Prevalence and management of anemia in renal transplant recipients: A European survey (TRESAM). Am J Transplant 2003; 3: 835-845.

  9. Saito S, Fujiwara T, Sakagami K, Matsuno T, Tanaka N. Anemia following renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1998; 30: 3025-3026.

  10. Yorgin PD, Scandling JD, Belson A, Sánchez J, Alexander SR, Andreoni KA. Late postransplant anemia in adult renal transplant recipients, An under-recognized problem? Am J Transplant 2002; 2: 429-435.

  11. Winkelmayer WC, Kewalramani R, Rutstein M, Gabardi S, Vonvisger T, Chandraker A. Pharmacoepidemiology of anemia in kidney transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 1347-1352.

  12. Turkowski-Duhem A, Kamar N, Cointault O et al. Predictive factors of anemia within the first year post renal transplant. Transplantation 2005; 80: 903-909.

  13. Winkelmayer WC, Chandraker A, Brookhart MA, Kramar R, Sunder-Plassmann G. A prospective study of anaemia and long-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 3559-3566.

  14. Imoagene-Oyedeji AE, Rosas SE, Doyle AM, Goral S, Bloom RD. Postransplantation anemia at 12 months in kidney recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil: risk factors and implications for mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: 3240-3247.

  15. Al-Khoury S, Shah N, Afzali B, Covic A, Taylor J, Goldsmith D. Postransplantation anaemia in adult and paediatric renal allograft recipients-Guy’s Hospital experience. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 1974-1980.

  16. Shah N, Al-Khoury S, Afzali B et al. Postransplantation anemia in adult renal allograft recipients: prevalence and predictors. Transplantation 2006; 81: 1112-1118.

  17. Sezer S, Ozdemir FN, Tutal E, Bilgic A, Haberal M. Prevalence and etiology of anemia in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2006; 38: 537-540.

  18. Ott U, Busch M, Steiner T, Wolf G. Anemia after renal transplantation: an underestimated problem. Transplant Proc 2008; 40: 3481-3484.

  19. Kolonko A, Pinocy-Mandok J, Kocierz M, et al. Anemia and erythrocytosis after kidney transplantation: A 5-Year graft function and survival analysis. Transplant Proc 2009; 41: 3046-3051.

  20. Einollahi B, Lessan-Pezeshki M, Rostami Z, Kalantar E, Afshar R, Beiraghdar F. Anemia after kidney transplantation in adult recipients: prevalence and risk factors. Transplant Proc 2011; 43: 578-580.

  21. Petrone H, Arriola M, Re L et al. National survey of anemia prevalence after kidney transplantation in Argentina. Transplant Proc 2010; 42: 288-290.

  22. Poesen R, Bammens B, Claes K et al. Prevalence and determinants of anemia in the immediate postkidney transplant period. Transpl Int 2011; 24: 1208-1215.

  23. Jones H, Talwar M, Nogueira JM et al. Anemia after kidney transplantation; its prevalence, risk factors, and independent association with graft and patient survival: a time-varying analysis. Transplantation 2012; 93: 923-928.

  24. Elsayed H, Sany D, Eldin EN, El-Shahawy Y, Shawki S, Aziz A. Prevalence and association of post-renal transplant anemia. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2012; 23: 461-466.

  25. Mix TC, Kazmi W, Khan S et al. Anemia: A continuing problem following kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2003; 3: 1426-1433.

  26. Besarab A, Caro J, Jarrell BE, Francos G, Erslev AJ. Dynamics of erythropoiesis following renal transplantation. Kidney Int 1987; 32: 526-536.

  27. Soh S, Kumano K, Utsunomiya T, Mashimo S, Endo T. Serum erythropoietin levels after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 2154-2156.

  28. Brown J, Lappin T, Elfer G, Taylor T, Bridges J, McGeown M. The initiation of erythropoiesis following renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989; 4: 1076-1079.

  29. Kessler M. Erythropoietin and erythropoiesis in renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995; 10: 114-116.

  30. Sun CH, Ward HJ, Paul WL, Koyle MA, Yanagawa N, Lee DB. Serum erythropoietin levels after renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 151-157.

  31. Kausman J, Powell H, Jones C. Anemia in pediatric renal transplant patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2004; 19: 526-530.

  32. Karthikeyan V, Karpinski J, Nair RC, Knoll G. The burden of chronic kidney disease in renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2004; 4: 262-269.

  33. Lorenz M, Kletzmayr J, Perschl A, Furrer A, Horl WH, Sunder-Plassmann G. Anemia and iron deficiencies among long-term renal transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 794-797.

  34. Wish J. Assessing iron status: beyond serum ferritin and transferring saturation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 1: S4-S8.

  35. Ganz T. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation. Blood 2003; 102: 783.

  36. Nicolas G, Chauvet C, Viatte L et al. The gene encoding the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin is regulated by anemia, hypoxia, and inflammation. J Clin Invest 2002; 110: 1037.

  37. Kulaksiz H, Gehrke SG, Janetzko A et al. Pro-hepcidin: Expression and cell specific localization in the liver and its regulation in hereditary haemochromatosis, chronic renal insufficiency, and renal anaemia. Gut 2004; 53: 735-743.

  38. Malyszko J, Malyszko JS, Pawlak K, Mysliwiec M. Hepcidin, iron status, and renal function in chronic renal failure, kidney transplantation, and hemodialysis. Am J Hematol 2006; 81: 832-837.

  39. Malyszko J, Malyszko JS, Mysliwiec M. A possible role of hepcidin in the pathogenesis of anemia among kidney allograft recipients. Transplant Proc 2009; 41: 3056-3059.

  40. Al-Uzri A, Yorgin PD, Kling PJ. Anemia in children after transplantation: Etiology and the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on erythropoiesis. Pediatr Transplant 2003; 7: 253-264.

  41. Jacobson PA, Schladt D, Oetting WS et al. Genetic determinants of mycophenolate-related anemia and leukopenia after transplantation. Transplantation 2011; 91: 309-316.

  42. Fishbane S, Cohen DJ, Coyne DW, Djamali A, Singh AK, Wish JB. Postransplant anemia: The role of sirolimus. Kidney Int 2009; 76: 376-382.

  43. Kim MJ, Mayr M, Pechula M, Steiger J, Dickenmann M. Marked erythrocyte microcytosis under primary immunosuppression with sirolimus. Transpl Int 2006; 19: 12-18.

  44. Maiorano A, Stallone G, Schena A et al. Sirolimus interferes with iron homeostasis in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2006; 82: 908-912.

  45. Neild G et al. Parvovirus infection after renal transplant. Lancet 1986; 2: 1226-1227.

  46. Eid AJ, Brown RA, Patel R, Razonable RR. Parvovirus B19 infection after transplantation: A review of 98 cases. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43: 40-48.

  47. Waldman M, Kopp JB. Parvovirus-B19-associated complications in renal transplant recipients. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2007; 3: 540-550.

  48. Waldman M, Kopp JB. Parvovirus B19 and the kidney. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 2: 47-56.

  49. Chua MS, Barry C, Chen X, Salvatierra O, Sarwal MM. Molecular profiling of anemia in acute renal allograft rejection using DNA microarrays. Am J Transplant 2003; 3: 17-22.

  50. Ainsworth CD, Crowther MA, Treleaven D, Evanovitch D, Webert KE, Blajchman MA. Severe hemolytic anemia postrenal transplantation produced by donor anti-D passenger lymphocytes: Case report and literature review. Transfus Med Rev 2009; 23: 155-159.

  51. Molnar MZ, Czira M, Ambrus C et al. Anemia is associated with mortality in kidney –transplanted patients– a prospective cohort study. Am J Transplant 2007; 7: 818-824.

  52. Chhabra D, Grafals M, Skaro AI, Parker M, Gallon L. Impact of anemia after renal transplantation on patient and graft survival and on rate of acute rejection. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3: 1168-1174.

  53. Kainz A, Wilflingseder J, Fugger R, Kramar R, Oberbauer R. Hemoglobin variability after renal transplantation is associated with mortality. Transpl Int 2012; 25: 323-327.

  54. Winkelmayer WC, Chandraker A, Brookhart M, Kramar R, Sunder-Plassmann G. A prospective study of anaemia and long-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 3559-3566.

  55. Kamar N, Rostaing L, Ignace S, Villar E. Impact of postransplant anemia on patient and graft survival rates after kidney transplantation: a metaanalysis. Clin Transplant 2012; 26: 461-469.

  56. Van Loo A, Vanholder R, Bernaert P, De Roose J, Lameire N. Recombinant human erythropoietin corrects anaemia during the first weeks after renal transplantation: A randomized prospective study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11: 1815-1821.

  57. Van Biesen W, Vanholder R, Veys N, Verbeke F, Lameire N. Treatment of anemia immediately after renal transplantation. Transplantation 2005; 79: 367-368.

  58. Heinze G, Kainz A, Horl WH, Oberbauer R. Mortality in renal transplant recipients given erythropoietins to increase haemoglobin concentration: Cohort study. BMJ 2009; 339: b4018.

  59. Choukroun G, Kamar N, Dussol B et al. Correction of postkidney transplant anemia reduces progression of allograft nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23: 360-368.

  60. Mehrotra A. ESAs in transplant anemia: one size does not “fit all”. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23: 192-193.

  61. Huang E, Bunnapradist S. Does anemia correction delay kidney allograft dysfunction? Nat Rev Nephrol 2012; 8: 196-198.

  62. Abbud-Filho M, Adams P, Alberú J et al. A report of the Lisbon Conference on the care of the kidney transplant recipient. Transplantation 2007; 83: S1-S22.

  63. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) transplant work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: S1-S155.

  64. US Department of Health and Human Services. FDA modifies dosing recommendations for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. US Food and Drug Administration [online] 2011.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com