Sánchez-Chávez G, Salceda R

Language: Spanish
References: 17
Page: 44-51
PDF size: 204.11 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the enzyme that ends the neurotransmitter effect of the acetylcholine and together with butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) belong to a group of enzymes known as cholinesterases (ChEs), which are synthesized from a single gene for each one. Three variants of AChE are originated from alternative splicing at 3' end of the transcrits and post-translational modifications. The AChE-R is expressed as monomers in stress and neuropathological conditions; the AChE-E are amphiphilic dimers that are present in erythrocytes and the AChE-T is localized mainly in synapses, and can be expressed as asymmetric and globular forms. Additional to its classical cholinergic function, AChE participates in developmental processes and contains a domain that is present in cell adhesion proteins as the glutactin, neurotactin, gliotactin and neuroligins. Changes in their levels or properties are present in different neuropathologies as the Alzheimer, Parkinson and miastenia gravis.

REFERENCES

1. Dale HH (1914) The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 6: 147-190.

2. Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers W, Molinoff PB (1989) Basic Neurochemistry. Raven Press Ltd., New York, USA, p 984.

3. Massoulié J, Pezzementi L, Bon S, Krejci E, Vallette FM (1993) Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cholinesterases. Prog Neurobiol 41:31-91.

4. Brown GL, Dale HH, Feldberg W (1936) Reactions of the normal mammalian muscle to acetylcholine and to eserine. J Physiol 87: 394-424.

5. Loewi O, Navratil E (1926) Übertragbarkeit der Herznevenwirking, X. Mittteilung. Über das Schicksal des Vagusstoffs. Pflugers Arch 214:678-688.

6. Massoulié J, Bon S, Perrier N, Falasca C (2005) The Cterminal peptides of acetylcholinesterase: Cellular trafficking, oligomerization and functional anchoring. Chem Biol Interact 157-158:3.14.

7. Rotundo RL (1983) Acteylcholinesterase biosynthesis and transport in tissue culture. En: Methods in Eznymology. Editores: Colowick SP, Kaplan NO. Academic Press, New York. Vol 96, Parte J: 353-367.

8. Meshorer E, Soreq H (2006) Virtues and woes of AChE alternative splicing in stress-related neuropathologies. Trends Neurosci 29(4):216-224.

9. Silman I, Futerman AH (1987) Modes of attachment of acetylcholinesterase to the surface membrane. Eur J Biochem 170:11-22.

10. Chatonnet A, Lockridge O (1989) Comparison of butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. Biochem J 260: 625-634.

11. Layer PG, Weikert T, Alber R (1993) Cholinesterases regulate neurite growth of chick nerve cells in vitro by means of a non-enzymatic mechanism. Cell Tissue Res 273: 219-226.

12. Koenigsberger C, Chiappa S, Birmijoin S (1997) Neurite differentiation is modulated in neuroblastoma cells engineered for altered acetylcholinesterase expression. J Neurochem 69: 1389-1397.

13. Grifman M, Galyam N, Seidman S, Soreq H (1998) Functional redundancy of acetylcholinesterase and neuroligin in mammalian neuritogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 13935-13940.

14. Sternfeld M, Ming G, Song H, Sela K, Timberg R, Poo M, Soreq H (1998) Acetylcholinesterase enhances neurite growth and synapse development through alternative contribution of its hydrolytic capacity, core protein and variable C termini. J Neurosci 18: 1240- 1249.

15. Scholl FG, Scheiffele P (2003) Making connections: cholinesterase-domain proteins in the CNS. Trends Neurosci 26: 618- 624.

16. Olsen O, Bredt DS (2003) Functional analysis of the nucleotide binding domain of membrane -associated guanylate kinases. J Biol Chem 278: 6873-6878.

17. Vidal CJ (2005) Expression of cholinesterases in brain and non brain tumor. Chem Biol Interact 157-158: 227- 232.