Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Cardoso-Jiménez P

Language: Spanish
References: 27
Page: 41-49
PDF size: 139.26 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Bacterial infections are characterized by certain inflammatory reactions of the host by pathogens. A possible explanation for these findings is the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by host cells triggered by cell wall components released from the bacteria. These responses have been demonstrated by the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Gram-positive bacteria. During bacterial infection, the cells recognize the cell wall components through two distinct receptors, CD14 and Toll like-receptor 2 (TLR2). The recognition and binding between TLR2 receptor and LTA induced activation of signaling transduction pathways that lead to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α from macrophages. LTA can be considered a virulence factor that has an important role in infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. With regard to clinical significance, these infections cause sepsis and death associated to septic shock in the presence of Gram-positive bacteria, which contain LTA, toxic molecules that are released by the bacteria and become primary factors in organ damage and in infectious disease etiology. In this review, we describe LTA-associated host receptors and the transduction mechanisms involved in proinflammatory cytokine expression.

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