Cisneros SMA, Mejía RI, Castellanos HE, Olamendi PM, García CS

Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 54-60
PDF size: 152.68 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Trachoma is a disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, an organism that is spread through contact with eye discharge from the infected person and through flies.
material and method. To determine the prevalence of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and associated risk factors in a trachoma endemic community, a cross-sectional study from March 1st to September 30, 1999 was made. 299 people were interviewed, and where asked to fill in a questionnaire. A swab of the upper tarsal conjunctiva of the eye, to identify C. trachomatis by direct immunofluorescence, was taken from all participants.
results. Prevalence of ocular infection by Chlamydia trachomatis was 69.7%. Prevalence was inversely proportional to the number of rooms in the house. Families with eight or more members had a higher prevalence (76% vs 63%). When there was overcrowding, OR was 5.65 (95% CI 3.0 - 10.68).
conclusions. There was a high prevalence in all age groups. Physical and close contact was strong determinant for acquiring infection.

REFERENCES

1. Mariotti SP, Pascolini D, Rose-Nussbaumer J. “Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness”. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93: 563-568.

2. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Manual para el control de las enfermedades transmisibles. 16ª ed., Washington DC, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 1996.

3. Wright HR, A. Turner, Taylor HR. “Trachoma”. Lancet 2008; 371: 1945-1954.

4. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Disponible en http: //www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma

5. Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Disponible en http: //www.dgepi.salud.gob.mx/infoepi/index.htm

6. Torroella J, Portillo C. “Hallazgos de una zona en el estado de Chiapas con enfermos tracomatosos”. Anales de la Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología, 1962.

7. Taylor HR, Millán-Velasco F, Sommer A, “The ecology of trachoma: An epidemiological study of trachoma in Southern Mexico”. Bull World Health Organ 1985; 63: 559-567.

8. “Salud, agua y saneamiento para disminuir la prevalencia de tracoma”, Proyecto Conjunto “Mejoramiento de las condiciones ambientales y de salud en las comunidades indígenas”. Coordinación Nacional del Seguro Popular de Salud, Coordinación de Salud para Pueblos Indígenas. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, 2004.

9. Ejere HOD, Alhassan MB, Rabiu M. “Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004.

10. Rabiu M, Alhassan MB, Ejere HOD. “Environmental sanitary interventions for preventing active trachoma”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007.

11. Mabey DC, Solomon AW, Foster A. “Trachoma”. Lancet 2003; 362: 223-229

12. Cumberland P, Hailu G, Todd J. “Active trachoma in children aged three to nine years in rural communities in Ethiopia: prevalence, indicators and risk factors”. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005; 99: 120-127

13. Brunham EC, Laga M, Simonsen JN, Cameron DW, Peeling R, et al. “The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among mothers of children with trachoma”. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132: 946-952.

14. Assaad FA, Sundaresan T, Mexwell F. “The household pattern of trachoma in Taiwan”. Bull World Health Organ 1971; 44: 605-615.

15. Holland MJ, Bailey RL, Hayes LJ, Whittle HC, Mabey DCW. “Conjunctival ccarring in trachoma is associated with depressed cell-mediated Iimmune responses to Chlamydia antigens”. J Infect Dis 1993; 168: 1528-1531.

16. WHO 51.11 “Global elimination of blinding trachoma”. 16 de mayo de 1998.

17. WHO. “Report of the Twelfth Meeting of the WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma”. Geneva, 28-30 abril 2008.

18. WHO. “Global WHO Alliance for the Elimination of Blinding Trachoma by 2020”. Weekly epidemiological record 2012; 17: 161-168.

19. González Almaraz G, Pineda Cárdenas MAA. “Presente y futuro de las infecciones por Chlamydia trachomatis. Análisis de las perspectivas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y su importancia para México.” Oftalmol 2003; 77: 110-119.