Sauceda GJM

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 14-19
PDF size: 184.61 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral childhood syndrome and it may continue throughout adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty to maintain attention, hyperactivity and difficulty to control behavior. Its prevalence is 5% in childhood and 2.5% in adulthood. Affected individuals suffer, more than those not affected, from multiple mental problems like deficient academic and occupational performance, substance abuse, legal problems, accidental injuries, poor health choices, precocious paternity, divorce, behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, suicidal conduct, etc.
The medical professionals best qualified to diagnose ADHD are psychiatrists and neurologists, especially those specialized in children. The treatment approach that has shown to be more effective in cases of medium to high severity is drug prescription (stimulants or atomoxetine as a first choice), with best results when this is accompanied by psychosocial treatment.
Due to its high prevalence and the long-term impact of having this disorder, the identification and treatment of ADHD requires a public health approach. The limited number of mental health professionals and resources in our country makes it of paramount importance that primary care providers improve their ability to asses and treat ADHD.

REFERENCES

1. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Assciation, 2013.

2. Barkley R, Fisher M, Smallish L, Fletcher K. The persistence of atention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into young adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2002;111:279-89.

3. Barbaressi WJ, Colligan RC, Weaver AL, Voigt RG, Killian JM, Katusic SK. Mortality, ADHD, and psychosocial adversity in adults with childhood ADHD: a prospective study. Pediatrics. 2013;131:637-44.

4. Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:942-948.

5. Wolraich ML, McKeown RE, Visser SN, et al. The prevalence of ADHD: its diagnosis and treatment in four school districts across two states. J Atten Disord. 2012: [Epub ahead of print].

6. Merikangas KR, He JP, Brody D, Fisher PW, Bourdon K, Koretz DS. Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders among US children in the 2001-2004 NHANES. Pediatrics. 2010;125:75-81.

7. Visser SN, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, et al. Trends in the parent-report of the health care provider-diagnosed and medicated ettention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2033-2011. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;53:34-46.

8. Walkup JT, Stassel ML, Rendleman R. Beyond rising rates: Personalized medicine and public health approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of attention-defcit/hyperactivity disorder . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;53:14-6.

9. Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística 2010.

10. Secretaría de Salud. Programa de acción en salud mental. México. 2002.

11. Schachar R, Tannock R. Syndromes of hyperactivity and attention deficit. In Rutter M, Taylor E, eds. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Fourth Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2002:399-418.

12. Barkley R, Fischer M, Smallish L, Fletcher K. Young adlt outcome of hyperactive children: adaptive functioning in major life activities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45:192-202.

13. Suceda J, Albores V, Capece J, Landeros E, et al. Impacto psicosocial del trastorno por deficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Psiquiatría. 2007;(S-2):54-8.

14. Sauceda J, Olivos N, Gutiérrez J, Maldonado J. El castigo físico en la crianza y las creencias de los padres. Un estudio comparativo. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2006;63:382-8.

15. Ruiz M, Sauceda J. El trastorno por déficit de atención a lo largo de la vida. México, DF. Alfil; 2012.

16. Fletcher, JM 2013. The effects of childhood ADHD on adult labor market outcomes. The National Bureau of Economic Research. Ver p 73 News 2013.

17. Lichtenstein P, Halldner L, Zetterqvist J, Sjölander A et al 2012. Medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and criminality. N Eng J Med. 2012;367:2006-14

18. Chang Z, Lichtenstein P, Asherson PJ, Larsson H 2013. Developmental twin study of attention problems: high heredabilities throughout development. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70:311-8.

19. Taylor E, Sonuga-Barke E. Disorders of attention and activity. In: Rutter-s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Fifth Edition, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 2008:521-42.

20. The MTA Cooperative Group. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:1073-86.