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2014, Number 3

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Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol 2014; 52 (3)

Allergic rhinitis, prevalence and risk factors among cuban adolescents

Varona PP, Fabré ODE, Venero FS, Suárez MR, Molina EE, Romero PM

Language: Spanish
References: 35
Page: 330-345
PDF size: 171.65 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a common condition affecting 10 %-30 % of the world population. The prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis on a national scale are not known.
Objective: Estimate the prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis among 13- and 14-year-old adolescents.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Complex sampling design. 5 799 school children from urban and rural areas were surveyed using the questionnaire "International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood". Variables were added to include exposure to potential risk factors. Odds ratios (CI 95 %) were estimated and logistic regression models were developed. An updated bibliographic review was conducted of the 2008-2013 period to contrast the data obtained by the national survey with those in the international literature.
Results: Participation of students: 86 %. Prevalence of rhinitis in the last 12 months: 38 %; rhinoconjunctivitis: 29 %. The condition was significantly associated with the following variables: female sex: 1,68 (1,66-1,70); a family history of asthma-allergy: 2,02 (1,99-2,05); living with smokers: 1,09 (1,07-1,11); overcrowded household: 1,14 (1,12-1,16); inadequate ventilation: 1,15 (1,13- 1,16); pet ownership: dog: 1,25 (1,23-1,27); location of the home and school on main avenues: 1,27 (1,24-1,29) and 1,10 (1,08-1,12), respectively; and dealing with family problems by talking or fighting: 1,31 (1,28-1,33).
Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis is a frequent though underdiagnosed condition among Cuban adolescents. Most of the risk factors identified are modifiable. Currency of the findings rests on the fact that short-term variations are not typically found in the dynamics of chronic disease. A national baseline was developed which will permit evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention and control actions.


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