medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-3003 (Electronic)

2014, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol 2014; 52 (3)

Impact of pneumonia in Spain, 1992-2001

Gea-Izquierdo E

Language: Spanish
References: 26
Page: 346-356
PDF size: 114.27 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Pneumonia is a respiratory disease caused by biological agents. It is the main individual cause of child mortality worldwide, hence its great importance for public health, and its distribution varies in keeping with the degree of development of the countries where it occurs. The paper presents a characterization of pneumonia in Spain for the 1992-2001 period according to age and sex. Data are expressed in years of potential life lost and discharge rates. They suggest that strategies are required to reduce pneumonia, with special attention to children and elderly persons. It is advisable to improve diagnosis and foster actions related to prevention and treatment. In Spain pneumonia exhibits the highest mortality rates among elderly persons. Despite the current reduction in pneumonia morbidity and mortality in some age groups and geographic regions worldwide, it is necessary to implement continuing actions contributing to its definitive control.


REFERENCES

  1. Berkley JA, Munywoki P, Ngama M, Kazungu S, Abwao J, Bett A, et al. Viral etiology of severe pneumonia among Kenyan infants and children. JAMA [Internet]. 2010[citado 21 oct 2013];303(20):2051-7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2968755/

  2. Forgie IM, O'Neill KP, Lloyd-Evans N, Leinonen M, Campbell H, Whittle HC, et al. Etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Gambian children: I. Acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants presenting at the hospital. The Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991;10(1):33-41.

  3. Forgie IM, O'Neill KP, Lloyd-Evans N, Leinonen M, Campbell H, Whittle HC, et al. Etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Gambian children: II. Acute lower respiratory tract infection in children ages one to nine years presenting at the hospital. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991;10(1):42-7.

  4. Falade AG, Mulholland EK, Adegbola RA, Greenwood BM. Bacterial isolates from blood and lung aspirate cultures in Gambian children with lobar pneumonia. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1997;17(4):315-9.

  5. Calderón Sandubete E, de Armas Rodríguez Y, Capó de Paz V. Pneumocystis jirovecii: cien años de historia. Rev Cubana Med Trop [Internet]. 2011 Ago [citado 21 oct 2013];63(2):97-116. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0375- 07602011000200001&lng=es

  6. Shah N, Ramankutty V, Premila PG, Sathy N. Risk factors for severe pneumonia in children in south Kerala: A hospital-based case-control study. J Trop Pediatr. [Internet] 1994 [citado 21 oct 2013];40(4):201-6. Available from: http://www.tropej.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/4/201.full.pdf

  7. Broor S, Pandey RM, Ghosh M, Maitreyi RS, Lodha R, Singhal T, et al. Risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in under-five children. Indian pediatrics [Internet]. 2001[citado 21 oct 2013];38(12):1361-9. Available from: http://www.indianpediatrics.net/dec2001/dec-1361-1369.htm

  8. Onyango D, Kikuvi G, Amukoye E, Omolo J. Risk factors of severe pneumonia among children aged 2-59 months in western Kenya: A case control study. Pan Afr Med J [Internet]. 2012 [citado 21 oct 2013];13:45. Available from: http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/13/45/full/

  9. Scott JA, Brooks WA, Peiris JS, Holtzman D, Mulholland EK. Pneumonia research to reduce childhood mortality in the developing world. J Clin Invest [Internet]. 2008 [citado 21 oct 2013];118(4):1291-300. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2276784/

  10. Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulholland K, Campbell H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ [Internet]. 2008 [citado 21 oct 2013];86(5):408-16. Available from: http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042- 96862008000500019&lng=en http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0042- 96862008000500019

  11. Dherani M, Pope D, Mascarenhas M, Smith KR, Weber M, Bruce N. Indoor air pollution from unprocessed solid fuel use and pneumonia risk in children aged under five years: Systematic review and metaanalysis. Bull World Health Organ [Internet]. 2008[citado 21 oct 2013];86:390-8. Available from: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/5/07-044529/en/

  12. Black RE. Zinc deficiency, infectious disease and mortality in the developing world. J Nutr [Internet]. 2003 [citado 21 oct 2013];133(5):1485S-9S. Available from: http://www.jn.nutrition.org/content/133/5/1485S.full

  13. Brooks WA, Santosham M, Naheed A, Goswami D, Wahed MA, Diener-West M, et al. Effect of weekly zinc supplements on incidence of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children younger than 2 years in an urban, low-income population in Bangladesh: Randomised controlled trial. Lancet [Internet]. 2005 [citado 21 oct 2013]; 366(9490):999-1004. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140- 6736%2805%2967109-7/fulltext

  14. World Health Organization. Departament of Child and Adolescent Health and Development Family and Community Health. Management of pneumonia in community settings [Internet]. Ginebra: UNICEF-WHO; 2004 [citado 21 oct 2013]. Available from: http://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/68926/1/WHO_FCH_CAH_04.06.pdf ?ua=1

  15. Dawson P, Pradhan YV, Houston R, Karki S, Poudel D, Hodgins S. From research to national expansion: 20 years’ experience of community-based management of childhood pneumonia in Nepal. Bull World Health Organ [Internet]. 2008 [citado 21 oct 2013];86:339-43. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647452/

  16. World Health Organization. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2008 [citado 21 oct 2013]. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_ful l.pdf

  17. The United Nations Children’s Fund. Tracking progress in maternal, neonatal and child survival: The 2008 report [Internet]. Genebra: UNICEF-WHO; 2008 [citado 21 oct 2013]. Available from:http://www.who.int/pmnch/Countdownto2015FINALREPORT-apr7.pdf

  18. The United Nations Children’s Fund. World Health Organization. Pneumonia: The forgotten killer of children [Internet]. New York: UNICEF; 2006 [citado 21 oct 2013]. Available from: http://www.childinfo.org/files/Pneumonia_The_Forgotten_Killer_of_Children.pdf

  19. Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, Campbell H. The Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. Global estimates of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age. Bull World Health Organ [Internet]. 2004 Dec. [citado 21 oct 2013];82(12):895-903. Available from: http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042- 96862004001200005&lng=en http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0042- 96862004001200005

  20. Harris M, Clark J, Coote N, Fletcher P, Harnden A, McKean M, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: Update 2011. Thorax [Internet]. 2011 [citado 24 oct 2013];66(Suppl 2):1-23. Available from: http://www.thorax.bmj.com/content/66/Suppl_2/ii1.full

  21. Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, et al. Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO; UNICEF. Global, regional and national causes of child mortality in 2008: A systematic analysis. The Lancet [Internet] 2010 [citado 24 oct 2013];375(9730):1969-87. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140- 6736%2810%2960549-1/fulltext

  22. O'Brien KL, Wolfson LJ, Watt JP, Henkle E, Deloria-Knoll M, McCall N, et al. Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: Global estimates. The Lancet [Internet]. 2009 sept [cited 2013 Oct 24];374(9693):893-902. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140- 6736%2809%2961204-6/fulltext

  23. Watt JP, Wolfson LJ, O'Brien KL, Henkle E, Deloria-Knoll M, McCall N, et al. Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children younger than 5 years: Global estimates. The Lancet [Internet]. 2009 [citado 24 oct 2013]; 374(9693):903-11. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140- 6736%2809%2961203-4/fulltext

  24. Walker CL, Rudan I, Liu L, Nair H, Theodoratou E, Bhutta ZA, et al. Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea. The Lancet [Internet]. 2013 [citado 24 oct 2013]; 381(9875):1405-16. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140- 6736%2813%2960222-6/fulltext

  25. Gea-Izquierdo E. Epidemiología y prevención de las enfermedades respiratorias. Quito, Ecuador: Universidad Internacional SEK; 2012.

  26. Gea-Izquierdo E. Influencia del mantenimiento higiénico-preventivo de las instalaciones con riesgo de desarrollo de Legionella pneumophila en la provincia de Málaga [Tesis Doctoral]. [Internet]España: Universidad de Málaga; 2008. [citado 24 oct 2013]. Disponible en: http://www.riuma.uma.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10630/2578/17178563.pdf?sequ ence=1




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com