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2015, Number 5

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Rev Mex Pediatr 2015; 82 (5)

Review and update on necrotizing enterocolitis

Gasque-Góngora JJ

Language: Spanish
References: 47
Page: 175-185
PDF size: 385.30 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most frequent gastrointestinal disease and surgical emergency of preterm newborns; it is seen predominantly in preterm infants with very low birth weight. The reported incidence changes from one country to another, ranging from 5 to 15%. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and unclear, but it is theorized that the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is compromised as a result of intestinal immaturity, altered microbiota, enteral feeding and ischemia. Despite remarkable advances in the care of extremely premature infants, the mortality remains high (20-50%). Preventive measures have shown a great impact over the incidence and morbidity of NEC. Survivors may have complications and consequences in the short and long term, such as sepsis, cholestasis, extrauterine malnutrition, short bowel syndrome and alterations in growth and neurodevelopment (35%).


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