Sariego RI, Pino SA, Scull LR, Cuéllar CA, Fernández-Calienes VA, Rojas RL

Language: Spanish
References: 33
Page:
PDF size: 233.10 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: only a few drugs are effective against nematodes moving through tissues like Toxocara canis, a fact that makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic options.
Objective: to determine the in vitro effect of Cuban medicinal plants extracts against Toxocara canis larvae.
Methods: hydroalcoholic extracts of five plant species and a Carica papaya alkaloidenriched extract were prepared. All species have been informed by traditional medicine as antiparasitic. The anthelmintic activity was determined in 96 ponds, by calculating the larvae relative mobility, in three 24-hour intervals. Action principles of drugs used for treating toxocariasis were included as reference. They were included as reference used for the treatment of drug toxocariasis. The cytotoxic activity on MRC-5 cells was determined of the extracts active against the larvae. An assay with bromide 3-(4.5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2.5-diphenyltetrazolium was used.
Results: the Argemone mexicana and Carica papaya alkaloid-enriched hydroalcoholic extracts provoked relative mobilities less than 80% after 72 hours. The dose used was of 100 µg/ml, so they were considered active against the parasite. Neither of the extracts caused any cytotoxicity on MRC-5 cells. Aloe vera, Artemisia vulgaris, Centrosema virginianum and Chenopodium ambrosioides extracts did not show any activity against the parasite.
Conclusion: the potential activity of Argemone mexicana and Carica papaya extracts against the parasite was demonstrated, supporting the continuity of the phytochemical and pharmacological studies.

REFERENCES

1. Fisher M. Toxocara cati: an underestimated zoonotic agent. Trends in Parasitology. 2003;19(4):167-70.

2. Dunsmore JD, Thompson RC, Bates IA. Prevalence and survival of Toxocara canis eggs in the urban environment of Perth, Australia. Veterinary Parasitology. 1984;16(3-4):303-11.

3. Magnaval JF, Glickman LT, Dorchies P, Morassin B. Highlights of human toxocariasis. Korean Journal of Parasitology. 2001;39(1):1-11.

4. Pawlowski Z. Toxocariasis in humans: clinical expression and treatment dilemma. Journal of Helminthology. 2001;75(4):299-305.

5. Hernández R, Núñez FA, Pelayo L. Potencial zoonótico de las infecciones por helmintos intestinales en perros callejeros de Ciudad de La Habana. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical. 2007;59(3):234-40.

6. Duménigo B, Lau N, Bravo JR. Prevalencia de Toxocara canis en perros caseros de Ciudad de La Habana. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical. 1994;46(2):99-102.

7. Laird RM, Carballo D, Reyes EM, García R, Prieto V. Toxocara sp. en parques y zonas públicas de Ciudad de La Habana, 1995. Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología. 2000;38(2):112-6.

8. Sariego I, Kanobana K, Junco R, Vereecken K, Nunez FA, Polman K, et al. Frequency of antibodies to Toxocarain Cuban schoolchildren. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2012;17(6):711-4.

9. Hrckova G, Velebny S. Treatment of Toxocara canis infections in mice with liposome-incorporated benzimidazole carbamates and immunomodulator glucan. Journal of Helminthology. 2001;75(2):141-6.

10. Othman AA. Therapeutic battle against larval toxocariasis: are we still far behind? Acta Tropica. 2012;124(3):171-8.

11. Roig y Mesa J. Plantas medicinales, aromáticas o venenosas de Cuba. La Habana: Editorial Científico-Técnica; 1974.

12. Julianti T, De Mieri M, Zimmermann S, Ebrahimi SN, Kaiser M, Neuburger M, et al. HPLC-based activity profiling for antiplasmodial compounds in the traditional Indonesian medicinal plant Carica papaya L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2014;155(1):8.

13. Cuellar-Cuellar A, Scull-Lizama R, Martínez Armenteros Y, Fernández-Calienes A, Monzote L. Evaluación preliminar de la composición química de las hojas de Carica papaya L y del efecto antiprotozoario de un extracto enriquecido en alcaloides a partir de la misma. Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal. 2012;4(2):364-76.

14. Marquez Navarro A, Nogueda Torres B, Hernandez Campos A, Soria Arteche O, Castillo R, Rodriguez Morales S, et al. Anthelmintic activity of benzimidazole derivatives against Toxocara canis second-stage larvae and Hymenolepis nana adults. Acta Trópica. 2009;109(3):232-5.

15. Kiuchi F, Miyashita N, Tsuda Y, Kondo K, Yoshimura H. Studies on crude drugs effective on visceral larva migrans. I. Identification of larvicidal principles in betel nuts. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 1987;35(7):2880-6.

16. Satou T, Horiuchi A, Akao N, Koike K, Fujita K, Nikaido T, et al. Toxocara canis: search for a potential drug amongst beta-carboline alkaloids: in vitro and mouse studies. Experimental Parasitology. 2005;110(2):134-9.

17. Cos P, Vlietinck A, Berghe D, Maes L. Anti-infective potential of natural products: how to develop a strongerin vitro ‘proof-of- concept’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2006;106:290-302.

18. Mossman T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assay. Journal of Immunological Methods. 1983;65(1- 2):55-63.

19. Chin YW, Balunas MJ, Chai HB, Kinghorn AD. Drug discovery from natural sources. AAPS Journal. 2006;8(2):E239-53.

20. Saxena S, Pant N, Jain DC, Bhakuni RS. Antimalarial agents from plant sources. Current Science. 2003;85(9):1314-29.

21. McCarty TR, Turkeltaub JA, Hotez PJ. Global progress towards eliminating gastrointestinal helminth infections. Current Opinions in Gastroenterology. 2014;30(1):18-24.

22. Levecke B, Buttle DJ, Behnke JM, Duce IR, Vercruysse J. Cysteine proteinases from papaya (Carica papaya) in the treatment of esperimental Trichuris suis infection in pigs: two randomized controlled trials. Parasite Vectors. 2014;7:255.

23. Aguilar HH, De Gives PM, Sánchez DO, Arellano ME, Hernández EL, Aroche UL, et al. In vitro nematocidal activity of plant extracts of mexican flora against Haemonchus contortus fourth larval stage. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008;1149:158-60.

24. Willcox ML, Graz B, Falquet J, Diakite C, Giani S, Diallo D, et al. A "reverse pharmacology" approach for developing an anti-malarial phytomedicine. Malaria Journal. 2011;10(Suppl 1):S8.

25. Diallo D, Diakite C, Mounkoro PP, Sangare D, Graz B, Falquet J, et al. Knowledge of traditional healers on malaria in Kendi (Bandiagara) and Finkolo (Sikasso) in Mali. Mali Medicine. 2007;22(4):1-8.

26. Reis M, Trinca A, Ferreira MJ, Monsalve-Puello AR, Gracio MA. Toxocara canis: potential activity of natural products against second-stage larvae in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Parasitology. 2010;126(2):191-7.

27. Nelson EK. The composition of oil of Chenopodium from various sources. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1920;42(6):1204-8.

28. MacDonald D, VanCrey K, Harrison P, Rangachari PK, Rosenfeld J, Warren C, et al. Ascaridole-less infusions of Chenopodium ambrosioides contain a nematocide(s) that is(are) not toxic to mammalian smooth muscle. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004;92(2-3):215-21.

29. Satou T, Akao N, Koike K, Watanabe I, Fujita K, Nikaido T, et al. A new method for identifying potential remedies for larva migrans using crude extracts (I). Natural Medicines. 2003;57(1):7-11.

30. Yildiz K, Basalan M, Duru O, Gokpinar S. Antiparasitic efficiency of Artemisia absinthium on Toxocara cati in naturally infected cats. Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi. 2011;35(1):10-4.

31. Fok E, Kassai T. Toxocara canis infection in the paratenic host: a study on the chemosusceptibility of the somatic larvae in mice. Veterinary Parasitology. 1998;74(2- 4):243-59.

32. Abdel-Hameed AA. Effect of thiabendazole on the migration of Toxocara canis larvae in the mouse. The Journal of Parasitology. 1984;70(2):226-31.

33. Bardon R, Cuellar C, Guillen JL. Evaluation by larval recovery of mebendazole activity in experimental murine toxocariasis. International Journal for Parasitology. 1995;25(5):587-92.