Brenes RY

Language: Spanish
References: 12
Page: 693-700
PDF size: 252.55 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The upper gastrointestinal bleeding is defined as hemorrhage proximal to the ligament of Treitz, alteration with negative implications economically and in mortality, as well as in decompensated patients with comorbidities. H. pylori and NSAIDs are among the main risk factors for peptic ulcer, which is the major cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Its diagnosis, management and prognosis will depend on endoscopic findings. Given the importance of peptic ulcer, this review is based in this subject, in the presentation, clinical findings, and endoscopic and farmacological therapy. The use of PPI’s is relevant as part of the endoscopic pretreatment and after endoscopic treatment, as well are the several endoscopy therapies used depending on the patient’s risk.

REFERENCES

1. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. The role of endoscopy in the management of acute non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2012; 75(6): 1132-1138

2. Andrew C. Meltzer, Joshua C. Klein. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2014; 43: 665-675

3. Càndid Villanueva, et.al. Transfusion Strategies for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. New England Journal of Medicine. January 2013; 368(1): 11-21

4. Gianluca Rotondano. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Acute Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2014; 43: 643-663

5. Ian M. Gralnek, Alan N. Barkun, Marc Bardou. Management of Acute Bleeding from a Peptic Ulcer. New Englando Journal of Medicine. August 2008; 359(9): 928-937

6. James Y W Lau, Alan Barkun, Daiming Fan, Ernst J Kuipers, Yunsheng Yang, Francis K L Chan. Challenges in the management of acute peptic ulcer bleeding. The Lancet. June 2013; 381: 2033-2043

7. James Y. Lau, Wai K. Leung, et. al. Omeprazole before Endoscopy in Patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding. New England Journal of Medicine. April 2007, 356: 1631- 1640

8. K. K. F. Tsoi, H. W. Hirai, J. J. Y. Sung. Meta-analysis: comparison of oral vs. intravenous proton pump inhibitors in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Alimentary Pharmacologic and Terapeutics. August 2013; 38: 721-728

9. Loren Laine, Dennis M. Jensen. Management of Patients With Ulcer Bleeding. ACG Practice guidelines, the American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2012;107: 345- 360

10. Louis M. Wong Kee Song, Michael J. Levy. Emerging Endoscopic Therapies for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2014; 43: 721-737

11. Sara El Ouali, Alan N. Barkun. Is routine second-look endoscopy effective after endoscopic hemostasis in acute peptic ulcer bleeding? A meta-analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. April 2012; 76(2): 283- 292

12. Yidan Lu, Yen-I Chen, Alan Barkun. Endoscopic Management of Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2014; 43: 677-705