Boza CR

Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 48-60
PDF size: 688.49 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans is caused by two lentivirus, human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2(HIV 1 and 2). The firsts AIDS patients were diagnosed in USA in 1981 and the viruses were isolated and identified between 1983 and 1985, but its origins and evolution was elucited many years after. Both HIV are the result of multiple cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) naturally infecting African monkeys, HIV-2 from African monkeys Cercocebus spp and HIV-1 from chimpanzes Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Here we discuss the origins, early transmission, dissemination and establishment of the viruses in human populations in Africa, America and the rest of the world.

REFERENCES

1. ONUSIDA Reporte Global El Sida en cifras 2016 Ginebra Suiza

2. Hughes WT Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia N Engl J Med 1977;297:1381-1383

3. Gottlieb MS Schanker HM Fan PT et al Pneumocystis pneumonia. Los Ángeles MMWR 1981;30:250-252

4. Friedman-Kien A Laubenstein L Marmor M et al Kaposi’s sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men. New York and California MMWR 1981;30:305-308

5. Gottlieb MS Schroff R Schanker HM et al Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men. Evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency N Engl J Med 1981;305:1425-1431

6. Masur H Michelle MA Greene JB et al An outbreak of community-acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Initial manifestation of cellular immune dysfunction N Engl J Med 1981;305:1431-1438

7. Barre-Sinoussi F Chermann JC Rey F et al Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Science 1983;220:868-871

8. Gallo RC Sarin PS Gelmann EP et al Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) Science 1983;220:865-867

9. Goff SP Retroviridae: The Retrovirus and Their Replication Fields Virology Fifth edition Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2007;2000-2069

10. Hardy W Old LJ Hess PH et al Horizontal Transmission of Feline Leukemia Virus Nature 1973;244:266-268

11. Murphy EL Biswas HH Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II in Mandell, Douglas and Bennett´s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Seventh Edition Churchill Livigstone 2010;2303-2322

12. Francis DP Curran JW Essex M Epidemic Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Epidemiological Evidence for a Transmissible Agent J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:5-9

13. Kanki P Essex M Virology in Mayer K Pizer HF ed. The AIDS Pandemic Impact on Science and Society Elsevier 2005

14. Clavel F Guetard D Brun-Vezinet F et al Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS Science 1986;233:343-346

15. Guyader M Emerman M Somgo P et al Genome organization and transactivation of HIV type 2 Nature 1987;326:662-669

16. Ratner L Haseltine W Patanca R et al Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus HTLV III Nature 1985;313:277-284

17. Quammen D The Chimp and The River. How Aids Emerged from an African Forest WW Norton& Co. 2015

18. Pepin J The Origins of AIDS Cambridge University Press 2011

19. Levy JA HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS ASM Press 2007

20. Sharp PM Hahn B The evolution of HIV and the origin of AIDS Phil Trans R Soc B 2010;365:2487-2494

21. Sharp PM Hanh BH Origins of HIV and the AIDS Pandemic Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2011;1:a006841

22. Faria NR Rambaut A Suchard MA et al The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations Science 2014;346:56-61