medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2017, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2017; 59 (1)

Recommendations for a multisectorial national policy to promote breastfeeding in Mexico: position of the National Academy of Medicine

González de Cosío-Martínez T, Hernández-Cordero S, Rivera-Dommarco J, Hernández-Ávila M

Language: Spanish
References: 67
Page: 106-113
PDF size: 316.53 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Evidence strongly supports that to improve breastfeeding practices it is needed to strengthen actions of promotion, protection and support. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to establish a multisectoral national policy that includes elements such as design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of programs and policies, funding research, advocacy to develop political willingness, and the promotion of breastfeeding from the national to municipal level, all coordinated by a central level. It is until now that Mexico has initiated a reform process to the establish a National Strategy for Breastfeeding Action. This strategy, is the result not only of the consistent scientific evidence on clear and strong benefits of breastfeeding on population health and the development of human capital, but also for the alarming data of deterioration of breastfeeding practices in the country. The comprehensive implementation of the National Strategy for Breastfeeding Action that includes the establishment of a national committee, intra- and inter-sectoral coordination of actions, setting clear goals and monitoring the International Code of Marketing of Breast- Milk Substitutes, is the awaiting responsibility of the public health agenda of the country.


REFERENCES

  1. World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding: The Optimal Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding. Geneva: Switzerland, 2001.

  2. Ziegler EE. Growth of breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Nestle Nutrition workshop series Paediatric programme 2006;58:51-59; 59-63.

  3. Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA, Peerson JM, Lonnerdal B. Breastfed infants are leaner than formula-fed infants at 1 y of age: the DARLING study. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57(2):140-145.

  4. Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA, Peerson JM, Lonnerdal B. Growth of breast-fed and formula-fed infants from 0 to 18 months: the DARLING Study. Pediatrics 1992;89(6 Pt 1):1035-1041.

  5. Black RE, Morris SS, Bryce J. Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet 2003;361(9376):2226-2234. http://doi.org/drs94j

  6. Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis. WHO Collaborative Study Team on the Role of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Infant Mortality. Lancet 2000;355(9202):451-455. http://doi.org/d4gsrr

  7. Integrating population outcomes, biological mechanisms, and research methods in the study of human milk and lactation. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the Society for Research on Human Milk and Lactation (ISRHML). September 15-19, 2000. Tucson, Arizona, USA. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2002;503:v-vii; 1-338.

  8. Wakabayashi H, Oda H, Yamauchi K, Abe F. Lactoferrin for prevention of common viral infections. J Infect Chemother 2014;20(11):666-671. http:// doi.org/bvxj

  9. Liu B, Newburg DS. Human milk glycoproteins protect infants against human pathogens. Breastfeed Med 2013;8(4):354-362. http://doi.org/bvxk

  10. Bhutta ZA, Ahmed T, Black RE, Cousens S, Dewey K, Giugliani E, et al. What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival. Lancet 2008;371(9610):417-440. http://doi.org/cq7br4

  11. Horta BL, Loret de Mola C, Victora CG. Breastfeeding and intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr 2015;104(467):14-19.

  12. Victora CG, Horta BL, Loret de Mola C, Quevedo L, Pinheiro RT, Gigante DP, et al. Association between breastfeeding and intelligence, educational attainment, and income at 30 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil. Lancet Glob Health 2015;3(4):e199-205. http:// doi.org/84h

  13. Isaacs EB, Fischl BR, Quinn BT, Chong WK, Gadian DG, Lucas A. Impact of breast milk on intelligence quotient, brain size, and white matter development. Pediatr Res 2010;67(4):357-362. http://doi.org/cx5xvx

  14. Deoni SC, Dean DC, 3rd, Piryatinsky I, O´Muircheartaigh J, Waskiewicz N, Lehman K, et al. Breastfeeding and early white matter development: a cross-sectional study. NeuroImage 2013;82:77-86. http://doi.org/bvxn

  15. Owen CG, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Smith GD, Cook DG. Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: a quantitative review of published evidence. Pediatrics 2005;115(5):1367-1377. http:// doi.org/d3hgcw

  16. Harder T, Bergmann R, Kallischnigg G, Plagemann A. Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162(5):397-403. http://doi.org/dpw2nm

  17. Arenz S, Ruckerl R, Koletzko B, von Kries R. Breast-feeding and childhood obesity--a systematic review. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28(10):1247-1256. http://doi.org/dw4brr

  18. Owen CG, Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Cook DG. Effect of breast feeding in infancy on blood pressure in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003;327(7425):1189-1195. http://doi.org/dx3q8b

  19. Martin RM, Gunnell D, Smith GD. Breastfeeding in infancy and blood pressure in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161(1):15-26. http://doi.org/d7nzs6

  20. Fall CH, Barker DJ, Osmond C, Winter PD, Clark PM, Hales CN. Relation of infant feeding to adult serum cholesterol concentration and death from ischaemic heart disease. BMJ 1992;304(6830):801-805. http:// doi.org/d38jjw

  21. Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA, Lonnerdal B. Adequacy of energy intake among breast-fed infants in the DARLING study: relationships to growth velocity, morbidity, and activity levels. Davis Area Research on Lactation, Infant Nutrition and Growth. J Pediatr 1991;119(4):538-547. http://doi.org/d7n357

  22. Gillman MW, Mantzoros CS. Breast-feeding, adipokines, and childhood obesity. Epidemiology 2007;18(6):730-732. http://doi.org/fvchdc

  23. Disantis KI, Collins BN, Fisher JO, Davey A. Do infants fed directly from the breast have improved appetite regulation and slower growth during early childhood compared with infants fed from a bottle? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011;8:89. http://doi.org/frtkr3

  24. Hoppe C, Udam TR, Lauritzen L, Molgaard C, Juul A, Michaelsen KF. Animal protein intake, serum insulin-like growth factor I, and growth in healthy 2.5-y-old Danish children. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(2):447-452.

  25. Wong WW, Hachey DL, Insull W, Opekun AR, Klein PD. Effect of dietary cholesterol on cholesterol synthesis in breast-fed and formula-fed infants. J Lipid Res 1993;34(8):1403-1411.

  26. Dennis CL, McQueen K. The relationship between infant-feeding outcomes and postpartum depression: a qualitative systematic review. Pediatrics 2009;123(4):e736-751. http://doi.org/bwtbt3

  27. Dias CC, Figueiredo B. Breastfeeding and depression: a systematic review of the literature. J Affect Disord 2015;171:142-154. http://doi.org/ bvxp

  28. McCarter-Spaulding D, Horowitz JA. How does postpartum depression affect breastfeeding? Am J Matern Child Nurs 2007;32(1):10-17. http://doi.org/drk73g

  29. Amorim AR, Rossner S, Neovius M, Lourenco PM, Linne Y. Does excess pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI? Obesity 2007;15(5):1278-1286. http://doi.org/dkn9wg

  30. Okechukwu AA, Okpe EC, Okolo AA. Exclusive breastfeeding and postnatal changes in maternal anthropometry. Niger J Clin Pract 2009;12(4):383-388.

  31. Baker JL, Gamborg M, Heitmann BL, Lissner L, Sorensen TI, Rasmussen KM. Breastfeeding reduces postpartum weight retention. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88(6):1543-1551. http://doi.org/ct43cm

  32. Stuebe AM, Michels KB, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rexrode K, Rich- Edwards JW. Duration of lactation and incidence of myocardial infarction in middle to late adulthood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200(2):138.e131- 138. http://doi.org/dkm6gn

  33. Piers LS, Diggavi SN, Thangam S, van Raaij JM, Shetty PS, Hautvast JG. Changes in energy expenditure, anthropometry, and energy intake during the course of pregnancy and lactation in well-nourished Indian women. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(3):501-513.

  34. Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet 2002;360(9328):187-195. http://doi.org/dfjrn4

  35. Danforth KN, Tworoger SS, Hecht JL, Rosner BA, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE. Breastfeeding and risk of ovarian cancer in two prospective cohorts. Cancer Causes Control 2007;18(5):517-523. http://doi.org/fmvddk

  36. Li DP, Du C, Zhang ZM, Li GX, Yu ZF, Wong X, et al. Breastfeeding and ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 epidemiological studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;15(12):4829-4837. http://doi.org/bvxq

  37. Luan NN, Wu QJ, Gong TT, Vogtmann E, Wang YL, Lin B. Breastfeeding and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98(4):1020-1031. http://doi.org/bvxr

  38. do Carmo Franca-Botelho A, Ferreira MC, Franca JL, Franca EL, Honorio-Franca AC. Breastfeeding and its relationship with reduction of breast cancer: a review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012;13(11):5327-5332. http://doi.org/bvxs

  39. WCRF/AICR. Second Expert Report Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. Washington DC: World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research, 2007.

  40. McNeilly AS. Lactational control of reproduction. Reprod Fertil Dev 2001;13(7-8):583-590. http://doi.org/dd7kfv

  41. Aune D, Norat T, Romundstad P, Vatten LJ. Breastfeeding and the maternal risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and doseresponse meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014;24(2):107-115. http://doi.org/bvxt

  42. Jager S, Jacobs S, Kroger J, Fritsche A, Rubin D, Boeing H, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2014;57(7):1355-1365. http://doi.org/bvxv

  43. Stuebe AM, Schwarz EB, Grewen K, Rich-Edwards JW, Michels KB, Foster EM, et al. Duration of lactation and incidence of maternal hypertension: a longitudinal cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2011;174(10):1147-1158. http://doi.org/dj38pc

  44. Gunderson EP, Lewis CE, Wei GS, Whitmer RA, Quesenberry CP, Sidney S. Lactation and changes in maternal metabolic risk factors. Obstet Gynecol 2007;109(3):729-738. http://doi.org/dz65fg

  45. Ram KT, Bobby P, Hailpern SM, Lo JC, Schocken M, Skurnick J, et al. Duration of lactation is associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in midlife--SWAN, the study of women›s health across the nation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198(3):268.e261-266. http://doi.org/ dxqn6p

  46. McClure CK, Schwarz EB, Conroy MB, Tepper PG, Janssen I, Sutton- Tyrrell KC. Breastfeeding and subsequent maternal visceral adiposity. Obesity 2011;19(11):2205-2213. http://doi.org/fk4w76

  47. Stuebe AM, Rich-Edwards JW. The reset hypothesis: lactation and maternal metabolism. Am J Epidemiol 2009;26(1):81-88. http://doi.org/bdcxn6

  48. González de Cosío T, Escobar-Zaragoza L, González-Castell LD, Rivera-Dommarco JÁ. Prácticas de alimentación infantil y deterioro de la lactancia materna en México. Salud Publica Mex 2013;55:S170-S179.

  49. Colchero MA, Contreras-Loya D, Lopez-Gatell H, Gonzalez de Cosio T. The costs of inadequate breastfeeding of infants in Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101(3):579-586. http://doi.org/bvxw

  50. Gatti L. Maternal perceptions of insufficient milk supply in breastfeeding. J Nurs Scholarsh 2008;40(4):355-363. http://doi.org/dz98wv

  51. Grajeda R, Perez-Escamilla R. Stress during labor and delivery is associated with delayed onset of lactation among urban Guatemalan women. J Nutr 2002;132(10):3055-3060.

  52. Chapman DJ, Perez-Escamilla R. Identification of risk factors for delayed onset of lactation. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99(4):450-454. http://doi. org/cpqrvs

  53. Chapman DJ, Perez-Escamilla R. Does delayed perception of the onset of lactation shorten breastfeeding duration? J Hum Lact 1999;15(2):107-111. http://doi.org/d4j6rh

  54. Perez-Escamilla R, Segura-Millan S, Canahuati J, Allen H. Prelacteal feeds are negatively associated with breast-feeding outcomes in Honduras. J Nutr 1996;126(11):2765-2773.

  55. California Department of Public Health. California Baby Behavior Campaign. California, USA, 2013 [consultado el 22 de septiembre de 2013] Disponible en: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/wicworks/Pages/ WICCaliforniaBabyBehaviorCampaignDrJaneHeinigsTraining.aspx.

  56. Morgado CM, Werneck GL, Hasselmann MH. Social network, social support and feeding habits of infants in their fourth month of life. Cien Saude Colet 2013;18(2):367-376. http://doi.org/4bx

  57. Ekstrom A, Widstrom AM, Nissen E. Breastfeeding support from partners and grandmothers: perceptions of Swedish women. Birth 2003;30(4):261-266. http://doi.org/bsshkg

  58. Matich JR, Sims LS. A comparison of social support variables between women who intend to breast or bottle feed. Soc Sci Med 1992;34(8):919-927. http://doi.org/c6tvhq

  59. Kent G. Global infant formula: monitoring and regulating the impacts to protect human health. Int Breastfeed J 2015;10:6. http://doi.org/bvxx

  60. Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, et al. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost? Lancet 2013;382(9890):452-477. http://doi.org/f2mhzb

  61. Rivera-Dommarco JÁ, Cuevas-Nasu L, González de Cosío T, Shamah- Levy T, García-Feregrino R. Desnutrición crónica en México en el último cuarto de siglo: análisis de cuatro encuestas nacionales. Salud Publica Mex 2013;55:S161-S169.

  62. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. 30 años del Código en América Latina: Un recorrido sobre diversas experiencias de aplicación del Código Internacional de Comercialización de Sucedáneos de la Leche Materna en la Región entre 1981 y 2011. Washington, DC: OPS, 2011.

  63. Piwoz EG, Huffman SL. The Impact of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes on WHO-Recommended Breastfeeding Practices. Food Nutr Bull 2015;36(4):373-386. http://doi.org/bvxz

  64. Perez-Escamilla R, Curry L, Minhas D, Taylor L, Bradley E. Scaling up of breastfeeding promotion programs in low- and middle-income countries: the “breastfeeding gear” model. Adv Nutr 2012;3(6):790-800. http://doi. org/bvx2

  65. Secretaría de Gobernación de México. Decreto por el que se adicionan y reforman diversas disposiciones de la Ley General de Salud. México. 2014 [consultado el 10 de agosto de 2015. Disponible en: http://www.dof. gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5339161&fecha=02/04/2014

  66. Heymann J, Kramer MS. Public policy and breast-feeding: a straightforward and significant solution. Can J Public Health 2009;100(5):381-383.

  67. World Health Organization. Essential Nutrition Actions: improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition. Geneva, Switerland: WHO, 2013.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com