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2017, Number 6

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Rev Sanid Milit Mex 2017; 71 (6)

Identification of risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia in the elderly

López-Ornelas L, Fonseca-Chávez MG, Sanjurjo-Martínez JL, Ornelas-Hall L, Morales-Cadena GM

Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 526-533
PDF size: 198.89 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background: Deglutition requires great muscular and nervous coordination. Dysphagia is defined as swallowing impairment in any of its phases: preparatory, oral, pharyngeal and esophageal. Its causes are diverse, and diagnosis is imperative to avoid detriment to the quality of life. Objective: To identify the risk factors for deglutition disorders in the institutionalized elderly population. Material and methods: Clinical and descriptive trial. We included patients above 60 years of age assessed at the Otolaryngology Department at the Hospital Espańol from October to December 2016. Deglutition dynamic tests were performed, and three questionnaires commonly used as geriatric scales were applied to each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson coefficient to determine the correlation and strength between variables. Results: Fifty patients were included. Data of food aspiration to the airway was found (n = 31, 62%). Systemic hypertension (61%) and neurological deficiencies (51%) showed greater prevalence when deglutition disorders were present. Folstein’s brief mini-mental is a sensitive and specific scale when deglutition disorders are suspected (S = 100%, E = 100%, LR + 100%, r = 1). Conclusions: Deglutition disorders are multifactorial. Folstein’s brief mini-mental and other geriatric questionnaires are useful tools to screen deglutition disorders.


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