Ruiz-Arriaga LF, Cano-Aguilar LE, Cruz-Meza S, Díaz-Greene JE, Rodríguez WFL

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 296-302
PDF size: 210.63 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. The production of autoantibodies causes complement-dependent inflammation and cellular apoptosis that promote microvascular damage. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary from dermatological to metabolic alterations. The European League against Rheumatism and the American College of Rheumatology published in 2019 the new laboratory and clinical diagnostic criteria for lupus, where the biopsy with a diagnosis of lupus nephritis (ln) is the criterion with the highest score, although lupus disease can manifest itself without nephritis.
The present review aims to highlight the importance of the intentional study of renal function to the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, since the presence of ln is up to 70% of patients with lupus, being the cause of the development of chronic kidney disease in up to 20% of them. This approach begins when proteinuria, hematuria or cylinders are detected in a general urine test, and a biopsy is necessary to confirm it. Renal biopsy is the study of choice that allows the diagnosis of ln, classifies the disease and indicates the appropriate treatment and allows to know the functional and vital prognosis for the patient. Knowing the risk factors, pathophysiology and diagnosis of ln has become the mainstay of the treatment and prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

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