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2019, Number 3

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Sal Jal 2019; 6 (3)

Métodos actuales empleados para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis y su efi cacia en diversos entornos clínicos

López-Romero W; Flores-Valdez M; Camacho-Villegas TA

Language: Spanish
References: 65
Page: 170-180
PDF size: 376.50 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is estimated to produce an asymptomatic (latent) infection in about 2 billion people worldwide. Th e World Health Organization (WHO) recommends sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of active TB. Chest radiography is usually used for patients who are negative for the detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum, although it is not specifi c or sensitive enough for all people with TB. Th e tuberculin skin test using proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cross-react with the BCG vaccine, and tests based on secretion of the cytokine interferon gamma (IFNg) are still very expensive for a massive use. Objective: To provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of current methods for TB diagnosis and its application in low budget clinical settings. Materials and methods: Bibliographic search in Pubmed with the key words “tuberculosis” and “diagnosis” (https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=tuberculosis+diagnosis) published as of March, 2018. Results: Th ere are new diagnostic methods according to the progress of molecular biology. Tests that use serum as a sample to determine if TB exists are suitable for countries with limited resources because they oft en require readily available equipment. Conclusions: Recently, high performance approaches (“Omic” technologies) off er the option of searching for new biomarkers, derived from the host or the pathogen, which should translate into technologies or devices that ideally can be easily adopted in all clinical laboratories.


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