Gutiérrez-Aguirre CH, Castro-Gutiérrez PM, Contreras-Ruiz F, Colunga-Pedraza P, Jaime-Pérez JC, Gómez-Almaguer D

Language: Spanish
References: 14
Page: 172-178
PDF size: 270.09 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Background: Tumor lysis syndrome is the most frequent oncological emergency resulting from severe electrolytic and metabolic imbalance due to intracellular emptying of ions and metabolites by the destruction of neoplastic cells. The main laboratory alterations are hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia. There are two types of presentations, induced tumor lysis syndrome, in which its etiology is mainly linked to treatment, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, steroids, biological immunomodulators and monoclonal antibodies, and spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome, observed in a third of cases, in which the pathophysiology remains unknown, but it is presented in the absence of treatment and is associated with a higher mortality. Within hematological malignancies, tumor lysis syndrome is more frequently observed in acute leukemias.
Clinical case: A 31-year-old male patient in the blast phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia presenting with a spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome.
Conclusions: Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome is a potentially mortal complication observed in different neoplasms, more frequently in hematologic ones. It is necessary to remember its characteristics and suspect it to initiate the treatment as soon as possible.

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