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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2021, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2021; 24 (1)


Mecanismos básicos en la modulación de la expresión génica: algunas implicaciones en el envejecimiento del cerebro

Tecalco-Cruz AC, Macías-Silva M, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Ríos-López DG, Zepeda-Cervantes J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 87
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 353.51 Kb.


RESUMEN

La regulación transcripcional y epigenética son dos procesos interconectados, responsables del encendido y apagado de la expresión de todos los genes. Esta fina modulación de la expresión génica determina el fenotipo de los diferentes tipos celulares, su morfología, su funcionalidad y su habilidad de responder ante diversas condiciones. La regulación epigenética no implica cambios en la secuencia del DNA, pero sí en la generación de numerosos complejos proteicos capaces de modificar la estructura de la cromatina y así modular la expresión génica. La epigenética en los organismos es altamente regulada por varios factores que incluyen la dieta, el ambiente y la actividad física, entre otros. Además, bajo una condición de enfermedad o un estado saludable, así como durante el envejecimiento, se reportan diferencias entre los epigenomas de las células. De manera importante, el envejecimiento es un factor de riesgo directo para el desarrollo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En esta revisión presentamos brevemente un panorama general del proceso de regulación transcripcional y de los mecanismos epigenéticos, así como su relación con el proceso del envejecimiento. Alteraciones en los mecanismos epigéneticos son evidentes durante el avance de la edad, los cuales podrían tener alguna influencia en el desarrollo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas.


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