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2022, Número 4

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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2022; 38 (4)


Electroforesis de isoenzimas de fosfatasa alcalina: utilidad diagnóstica en pacientes con enfermedad de células falciformes

Miguel MM, Agramonte LOM, Tamayo RY, Lam DRM, Fundora CM, Forrellat BM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 1-14
Archivo PDF: 706.55 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Las fosfatasas alcalinas (FAL) humanas son indicadores enzimáticos de daño de órganos. Las complicaciones de la drepanocitosis incluyen lesión de órganos debido a la reperfusión, la vasculopatía proliferativa y la anemia hemolítica.
Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad de la determinación de la actividad enzimática de la FAL y la movilidad electroforética de las isoenzimas séricas de FAL en pacientes con drepanocitosis en estado basal y durante las crisis.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo en 85 individuos adultos, 25 controles sanos y 60 pacientes, entre enero y diciembre/2018. Variables estudiadas: genotipos (SS/Sβo, SC/Sβ+), edad, sexo, actividad de FAL e isoenzimas por electroforesis en gel de agarosa con y sin lectina: hepática 1 (H1) y (H2); placenta 1(P1), ósea, intestinales 1, 2, 3 (I1.2.3) en estado basal y crisis.
Resultados: La actividad de la FAL fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes que en los controles. Hubo diferencias significativas en la actividad de la FAL y de la fracción H1+P1/1 de pacientes en estado basal en relación con el grupo control. La actividad de la enzima y las isoenzimas no mostró diferencias significativas entre los genotipos. Igual comportamiento se observó en la actividad de las enzimas e isoenzimas durante las crisis vasoclusivas dolorosas y hepáticas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la actividad de la fracción hepática H1+P1/1 entre los grupos de 20-29 y 40-49 años.
Conclusiones: La determinación de la FAL en los pacientes con drepanocitosis es útil y permite establecer un perfil isoenzimático personalizado, con importancia pronóstica como un marcador biológico de alarma.


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