Chávez-Delgado ME, Virgen-Enciso M, Pérez-Guzmán J, Celis-de-la-Rosa A, Castro-Castañeda S

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 32
Paginas: 321-328
Archivo PDF: 124.94 Kb.

RESUMEN

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia e incidencia de delirium en ancianos hospitalizados en el Servicio de Geriatría del Hospital General de Zona 89, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Material y métodos: entre mayo y octubre de 2005 se realizó estudio descriptivo y transversal de los pacientes mayores de 60 años que ingresaron al Servicio de Geriatría referido. Para detectar delirium se utilizó el método de evaluación del estado confusional (CAM) y para deterioro cognitivo, el miniexamen del estado mental. También se analizó comorbilidad, días de estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad.
Resultados: se registró prevalencia de 38.3 % e incidencia de 11.7 %. El deterioro cognitivo ocurrió en 48.5 % de los pacientes con desarrollo previo de delirium. Los pacientes con delirium tuvieron mayor edad (80 ± 8.7 versus 74.4 ± 8.9 años; p ‹ 0.001), mayor estancia hospitalaria (7.5 ± 2.9 versus 5. 8 ± 2.6 días; p ‹ 0.001) y mortalidad hospitalaria (pero sin diferencia estadística significativa), en comparación con quienes no lo desarrollaron. La neumonía y la uremia fueron las comorbilidades más comunes en los pacientes con delirium.
Conclusiones: el CAM y el miniexamen del estado mental son herramientas útiles para identi-ficar delirium y deterioro cognitivo. La evaluación rutinaria con CAM para identificar delirium representará un avance significativo que conducirá a mejorar el cuidado de los ancianos.

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