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Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 254-263
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ABSTRACT

Objectivo: To evaluate temporal trends in adolescent fertility rates in the Americas between 1995 and 2025.
Materials and Methods: An ecological study was conducted based on data from the Pan American Health Organization, which was stratified by country, year and live births to adolescent mothers (aged 15 to 19). The Joinpoint regression model was applied to estimate the annual percentage change, considering statistical significance at p ‹ 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals.
Results: The adolescent fertility rate declined significantly, with a more pronounced decline across the continent between 2013 and 2021 (annual percentage change: -4.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.37 to -3.91). The largest decline in South America occurred between 2014 and 2021 (annual percentage change: -4.42; 95% CI: -4.78 to -4.14), while in Central America, the decline accelerated between 2012 and 2021 (annual percentage change: -3.91; 95% CI: -4.22 to -3.69). North America experienced its sharpest decline between 2013 and 2017 (annual percentage change: -6.22; 95% CI: -7.10 to -5.60), despite an increase prior to this period. Some countries, such as Argentina and Chile, exceeded reductions of 15% per year in certain periods, while Canada maintained a steady trend. Mexico, on the other hand, showed slower progress, while the United States experienced a marked and continuous decline.
Conclusions: Although progress has been made in reducing adolescent fertility in the Americas, regional variations reflect persistent inequalities. This study contributes to our understanding of youth reproductive dynamics, highlighting the need for public policies adapted to local sociocultural contexts. Improving access to contraceptives, providing comprehensive sex education and considering structural factors are all critical to reducing adolescent pregnancy.

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