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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2025, Number 08

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Med Int Mex 2025; 41 (08)

Effectiveness and safety of hormonal therapy in patients with gender dysphoria: A systematic literature review

Alzate J, Herrera CP, Mosquera RKA, Solarte ODA, Tirado G

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 487-497
PDF size: 223.05 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hormone therapy for patients with gender dysphoria, identify potential risks and complications, and make recommendations for clinical application.
Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using the Medline (PubMed), Embase, PsycINFO, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search used the MeSH terms "gender dysphoria," "hormone therapy," "adverse effects," and "clinical outcomes." The search included primary studies with observational and experimental designs, such as controlled clinical trials (randomized and non-randomized), cohort studies, case-control studies, and case series.
Results: Seventeen primary studies were found, the main findings of which included a significant reduction in gender dysphoria, depression, and suicidal ideation in transgender adults with testosterone therapy. Three additional studies were included to support the analysis. A 3% decrease in breast tissue was observed every six months in transmasculine individuals receiving testosterone, which could reduce the risk of breast cancer. Metabolic complications and a high prevalence of self-medication were also identified.
Conclusions: Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and quality of life in patients with gender dysphoria. However, discrepancies remain regarding long-term safety, particularly with regard to metabolic complications and variability in treatment protocols.


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