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2025, Number 6

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Acta Med 2025; 23 (6)

Comprehensive approach to valvular atrial fibrillation: exploration of pathophysiology, inflammatory factors, and current perspectives

Díaz GEJ, Rivera RJR, Pérez SK, De RSS

Language: Spanish
References: 28
Page: 538-543
PDF size: 360.10 Kb.


ABSTRACT

As the central organ of the circulatory system, the heart exhibits an intricate anatomy, divided into four chambers with complex networks of valves to regulate blood flow, orchestrated by an electrical system manifested through the cardiac cycle. Atrial cardiomyocytes, by triggering inflammatory responses, become key players in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). This supraventricular tachyarrhythmia is an altered electrophysiological phenomenon marked by uncoordinated and ineffective atrial activation. Our understanding of AF is based entirely on the classification offered by the different international guidelines, depending on its duration (paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent) or the relationship of the development of thrombotic events. However, this condition is rarely approached from a multifactorial perspective that considers the influence of lifestyle and other factors involved in its pathophysiology. Increasing evidence has demonstrated a direct relationship between AF and both systemic and local inflammatory processes triggered by multiple conditions −ranging from autoimmune diseases to infections− that contribute to its development and progression. Therefore, assessing AF burden and addressing modifiable risk factors, as well as effectively resolving inflammation, are crucial aspects in its comprehensive management.


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