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2025, Number 5

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Rev Mex Pediatr 2025; 92 (5)

Less invasive administration of pulmonary surfactant in newborn

Martínez-Lemus O, Pérez-González JA, Díaz-Casañas E

Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 187-192
PDF size: 393.62 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: tracheal catheterization is a less invasive method for instilling pulmonary surfactant in newborns. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of SP instillation via tracheal catheterization in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Material and methods: this retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Iván Portuondo Hospital in Cuba between October 2020 and December 2024. Premature newborns with mild-to-moderate RDS, ventilated using non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and receiving surfactant via tracheal catheterization were included. The success of catheterization and the improvement in the patients' clinical conditions were evaluated. Results: fifty-three patients were included; the median gestational age was 32 weeks, and the median birth weight was 1,630 grams. The majority received prenatal corticosteroids (66.0%), were male (66.0%), and were delivered by cesarean section (73.6%). Catheterization was successfully performed in 100%. Surfactant treatment was effective in 79.2% (n = 42). Factors associated with treatment failure were pH ≤ 7.20 (OR = 7.51) and lack of lung maturation (OR = 4.93). Conclusions: in newborns with RDS, the least invasive technique for surfactant instillation via tracheal catheterization seems to be an effective and easy-to-perform method with few complications. It is recommended that this procedure be performed by trained specialists and in selected patients.


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