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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2025, Number 5

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salud publica mex 2025; 67 (5)

Evaluation of the morphological diversity and dynamics of the vaginal microbiota in adolescents and young pregnant women

Olamendi-Portugal M, Arias-Morales RG, Muñiz-Salgado JC, García-Cisneros S, Sánchez-Alemán MA, Herrera-Ortiz A

Language: Spanish
References: 35
Page: 466-476
PDF size: 356.90 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To evaluate the morphological and dynamic diversity of the vaginal microbiota in pregnant adolescents and young women. Materials and methods. Vaginal exudate samples were collected at each prenatal visit. Gram staining was used for morphological characterization, and bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed using Nugent criteria. Results. Among 501 pregnant participants, 31.1% had BV. Risk factors included being single, high alcohol consumption, and having three or more sexual partners. Prior antibiotic use and a history of urinary tract infections were protective factors. In a follow-up of 173 participants, a decrease in Mobiluncus and Gardnerella morphotypes and an increase in Lactobacillus was observed. BV prevalence decreased from 37.0 to 7.7% between the first and third visits. Among those with BV, 50.0% restored a normal microbiota by the next visit, as did 64.7% of those with intermediate microbiota. Conversely, 5% of those with normal microbiota developed BV. The incidence of BV was 8.03 cases per 100 women per trimester, with a persistence rate of 32.8%. Conclusions. The prevalence and incidence of BV were high among pregnant adolescents and young women. Vaginal microbiota during pregnancy is variable. Although it tends to normalize, a proportion progresses to BV, representing a significant risk of complications.


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