Ramos-Gallardo G, Carballo-Zarate AA, Vélez-Benítez E, Cuenca-Pardo J, Vega-Sánchez MA, Joya-Virgen K

Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 56-63
PDF size: 1837.31 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare but clinically relevant neoplasm. Its most common manifestation is late-onset unilateral seroma in patients with textured implants. In Mexico, surveillance of this complication has enabled better epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic understanding over the past decade. A narrative review was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Medline, Fisterra, Medigraphic, and Google Scholar, including studies in English and Spanish related to BIA-ALCL, implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma, chronic seroma, and in bloc capsulectomy. In addition, information from available national registries on suspected and confirmed cases was also included. The most frequent initial symptom is breast asymmetry secondary to seroma after the first year of implantation. The diagnostic process includes ultrasound and aspiration of periprosthetic fluid for microbiological, cytological, and immunohistochemical analysis, with CD30 as the primary marker. Treatment should be multidisciplinary, and en bloc capsulectomy is considered the standard in confirmed cases. In Mexico, up to 2024, 373 suspected cases have been analyzed, with 18 positive diagnoses, reflecting increased identification of this condition. Although BIA-ALCL continues to be rare, accumulated experience has strengthened early detection and specialized management. Plastic surgeon training, proper sample submission and national surveillance are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Scientific dissemination and continuous registry will optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies for the patients' benefit.

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