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Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía Bucal y Maxilofacial, Colegio Mexicano de Cirugía Bucal y Maxilofacial, A.C.

2026, Number 1

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Rev Mex Cir Bucal Maxilofac 2026; 22 (1)

Extranodal nasal T/NK cell lymphoma. Clinical case presentation

Ibarra GF, Carrillo RJA, González BJ, García GJÁ, Fuentes SA, Espinosa BRV, Aguirre ME, Pastor FA, López CR, Guillén ZD

Language: Spanish
References: 16
Page: 21-25
PDF size: 1574.50 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: extranodal nasal T/NK cell lymphoma was described as a lethal midline granuloma in 1994 and classified within the group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In 2022, the WHO included it in the group of angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions of post-thymic T cells with Epstein-Barr virus positivity, changing its name to extranodal nasal T/NK cell lymphoma. Its prevalence compared to all lymphoma types is 1.5 to 2.6%. Objective: to report a clinical case of extranodal nasal T/NK cell lymphoma, including its histological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis. Case report: a 43-year-old male presented with a destructive midfacial lesion affecting the nasal septum, turbinates, paranasal sinuses, tympanic region, and mastoid process. He had no systemic diseases and a history of surgical procedures and antibiotic regimens without satisfactory response. A tissue biopsy was performed on the palate and mastoid region with immunohistochemistry for cytotoxic markers (CD56+, CD3+) and in situ hybridization for EBER for small RNAs encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus. The diagnosis was confirmed based on its progressive and destructive angioinvasion. Conclusions: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma is a rare, aggressive neoplasm characterized by an angiocentric granulomatous and angioinvasive infiltrate, which causes necrosis and generally has an aggressive course. Diagnosis is based on the duration of the disease and clinical characteristics, as well as paraclinical studies that should include serology, culture, biopsy, and immunohistochemistry. Treatment includes radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, depending on the extent of the disease and the patient's condition.


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