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2026, Number 3

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2026; 69 (3)

A call for social interaction in old age

Alejandro FF, Méndez-Díaz M

Language: Spanish
References: 39
Page: 34-49
PDF size: 689.99 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Aging is a complex process that involves not only biological and functional changes but also significant transformations in the social domain. In this review, we examine the critical role that social interaction, loneliness, and isolation play in the overall health of older adults. Drawing on the most recent evidence, we analyze how loneliness and social disconnection act as risk factors for the onset and progression of cognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases.
Chronic activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, systemic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic regulation of the immune response have emerged as key pathophysiological mechanisms linking social isolation to poor health outcomes. We also explore how both the quality and quantity of social relationships influence cognitive trajectories, environmental perception, and resilience to adverse events in old age.
Based on these findings, we propose strategic actions to enhance social inclusion among the elderly. These include the promotion of intergenerational activities, the use of digital technologies, community engagement, and the provision of emotional support. The accumulated evidence leads to a clear conclusion: social interaction is not a luxury—it is a biological necessity and a determinant of public health. Recognizing it as such is essential to ensuring a dignified, active, and healthy aging process.


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