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2026, Number 2

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Dermatología Cosmética, Médica y Quirúrgica 2026; 24 (2)

Scalp contact dermatitis: a review article

Herz RME, Contreras HMM, Salazar HIM

Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 279-295
PDF size: 558.09 Kb.


ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Contact dermatitis of the scalp is frequently underdiagnosed. The scalp is repeatedly exposed to allergens and irritants due to the use of hair accessories and hair care products. Its anatomical characteristics confer certain resistance to the development of inflammatory lesions, often resulting in minimal involvement of the scalp itself, with greater involvement of adjacent areas. This pattern complicates recognition and leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, including original articles, systematic reviews, and relevant case series on contact dermatitis of the scalp. Epidemiological aspects, the most frequent causative agents, clinical manifestations, histopathological findings, the usefulness of patch testing, and current therapeutic approaches were analyzed.
RESULTS: The literature review showed that contact dermatitis of the scalp is mainly associated with the use of hair cosmetic products, with hair dyes being the most frequent cause in some studies. Other reported allergens include preservatives, fragrances, and metals. Clinically, erythema, scaling, and pruritus predominate, often with typical patterns that complicate the differential diagnosis. Patch testing is essential to confirm the diagnosis, identify potential causative agents, and thereby avoid exposure, reducing disease recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: Contact dermatitis of the scalp represents a diagnostic challenge that requires a high index of clinical suspicion. Patch testing remains the diagnostic gold standard. A comprehensive approach that includes identification and avoidance of the causative agent, as well as the use of anti-inflammatory treatments, allows for the adequate disease control and improves patients´ quality of life.


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