Valle RR, Ruiz GS, Pérez EL, Jaramillo MJ, Mendoza DPM, Nájera RG, Osnaya MJC

Language: Spanish
References: 11
Page: 65-70
PDF size: 454.41 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The uveal melanoma is the neoplasm more frequent in the eye of adults. The 85% affect the coroid, 9% to the ciliary body and 6% to the iris. The incidence of the uveal melanoma is estimated in 5.2 to 7.5 per million/year. A history of exposure to light sun, congenital hyperpigmentation known as melanocytosis and displasic nevus syndrome are related with a high risk of melanoma. Chromosomal abnormalities are deletion of short arm of 9 chromosome, multiplication of 8 chromosome large arm, 3 chromosome monosomy and 6p chromosome material increased and lost of 6q2 chromosome. The incidence is increased to the age. Most of the cases are diagnosed in the adult or ancient age. The average is 53 years old. Less than 2% of tumours affect to younger patients than 20 years old. Uveal melanoma is uncommon in black people, with a ratio of 15:1. Usually, melanoma is diagnosed by ophthalmoscopy, fluoroscopic angiography or ultrasonography. Due to the enucleation doesn’t prevent metastases; the treatment is controverted in the last years. A new approach of treatment is the Gamma-Knife, which preserve the eye and the function with minimal damage. The successful has been reported until 97-98%, with minimal relapses. Prognosis is favourable in tumours of ‹10 mm diameter and 3 mm of deep. Mortality is 10 to 15% to 5 years.

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