Zea-Arévalo FD, Juárez E, Quevedo F, Mejía -Duarte N, Guerrero-Avendaño G

Language: Spanish
References: 7
Page: 241-247
PDF size: 209.62 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction. The objective is to identify the tomographic and histopathological characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). GISTs are a subgroup of soft tissue sarcomas which originate in the cells of Cajal in the intestinal wall, responsible for intestinal motility which is characterized by expressing CD117 or KIT receptor tyrosine-kinase by immunohistochemical marker. It represents less than 3% of gastrointestinal neoplasms; however, it is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, and between 70 and 80% of such tumors are benign. The most common localizations are the stomach and the small intestine, but they may appear in any part of the digestive tract. Malignant GISTs are usually large and may metastasize to the liver and peritoneum. Tomographically they are large, hypervascular masses, which in the contrasted phase present uniform highlight due to hemorrhagic necrosis or cystic degeneration.
Materials and methods. A retrospective search was conducted, in the Carestream Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) version 11, of patients with GIST at Hospital General de Mexico from January 2010 through July 2013, confirmed by histopathological study. The cases chosen had computed tomographies taken in two Siemens multislice tomography machines, one Somatom sensation with 64 slices and the other Somatom definition with 128 slices, analyzing the results obtained in the tomography, the histopathological characteristics, and the clinical aspects observed in those patients.
Results. Thirty patients participated in our study, 56.7% were male and 43.7% were female; 83.4% were in the range of 40 to 69 years of age; as regards immunohistochemical status, 93.4% were positive for the CD 117 marker and the most common tumor localization was the stomach (50%) followed by the duodenum (20%). Of those 30 patients, 20% were reported as presenting a high degree of malignancy.
Discussion. The results obtained in our study concur with a large majority of previous reports: relationship between size, degree of aggressiveness, and localization coincided with the studies reviewed except in two patients who were reported with a high degree of malignancy and with tumors located in the stomach.
Conclusion. GIST is an uncommon sarcoma; however, the majority of gastrointestinal tract sarcomas are of this type. Its incidence is much greater than estimated; it is more common between 40 and 69 years of age and is relatively more common in males.

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